Stotras of Suryadeva is chanted by Hindus in the wee hours of the morning. Surya is worshipped by people, saints, and even asuras or demons. Certain groups of Rakshasas, called the Yatudhanas, were staunch followers of the Sun God.
1.1: (Salutations to the Sun God) Then, (Rama) being tired in the battle was worried in the battle-field … 1.2: … (by) seeing Ravana in-front of Him, having appeared to fight (energetically)
2.1: (Salutations to the Sun God) Having arrived along with the Devas to see the impending battle (between Rama and Ravana) … 2.2: … sage Agastya, the great Rishi filled with divine splendor, came near Rama and said…
3.1: (Salutations to the Sun God) O Rama, O Rama, one with mighty Arms (i.e. who is a great warrior); Listen to this eternal secret, 3.2:By which, My Son, you will be victorious against all enemies in the battle.
4.1: (Salutations to the Sun God) (Listen to the) Aditya Hridayam (Hymns of the Sun God), which is Sacred and Destroyer of all Enemies, 4.2: Which brings Victory if recited daily, and imparts Undecaying Auspiciousness of the highest kind.
5.1: (Salutations to the Sun God) He is the bestower of all-around Welfare (Sarva Mangala Mangalyam), and the remover of all Sins (Sarva Papa Pranashanam), 5.2: He heals the worries and griefs (which gets implanted in the mind due to adverse life experiences) (Chinta Shoka Prashamanam) and (imbues one with the excellent splendor of the Sun which) increases the Life Span (Ayur Vardhanam Uttamam)
6.1: (Salutations to the Sun God) The Sun is filled with Rays (Rashmimanta) and rises equally for all, spreading His illumination (Samanta); He is reverentially saluted by both the Devas and the Asuras (Deva Asura Namaskritam), 6.2: The Sun is to be worshipped who shines forth (Vivasvanta) creating His own Light (Bhaskara), and who is the Lord of the Universe (Bhubaneshwar)
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Namaste Shaarade Devii Kaashmira Puravaasini
Tvaamaham Praarthaye Nityam Vidyaa Daanam Cha Dehi Me ||
Meaning:
1: Salutations to Devi Sharada, Who abides in the abode of Kashmira,
2: To You, O Devi, I always pray (for Knowledge); Please bestow on me the gift of that Knowledge (which illumines everything from within).
Namo Devyai Mahaa Devyai Shivaayai Satatam Namah |
Namah Prakrtyai Bhadraayai Niyataah Prannataah Sma Taam ||1||
Meaning:
1.1:Salutations to the Devi, to the Mahadevi; Salutations Always to Her Who is One with Shiva (the Auspicious One). 1.2:Salutations to Her Who is the Auspicious (being One with Shiva) Primordial Source of Creation and Controller of Everything; We Bow Always to Her.
Raudraayai Namo Nityaayai Gauryai Dhaatryai Namo Namah |
Jyotsnaayai Chendu Rupinyai Sukhaayai Satatam Namah ||2||
Meaning:
2.1:Salutations to the Terrible, Salutations to the Eternal, the Shining One and the Supporter of the Universe. 2.2:Salutations Always to Her, Who has a Cool Brightness like the Moonlit Night, And the Radiant Form of the Moon, and Who is Joy Herself.
Kalyaanyai Pranataa Vrddhayai Siddhayai Kurmo Namo Namah |
Nairrtyai Bhubhrtaam Lakshmyai Sharvaanyai Te Namo Namah ||3||
Meaning:
3.1:We Bow to Her Who is the Source of Welfare, Who is Great, Fulfilled and Abides as the Universe, 3.2:Salutations to Her Who is the Destroyer as well as the Prosperity which Supports the Earth and Who is the Consort of Shiva(in the Divine Plan of Creation, Sustenance, and Destruction).
4.1: (Salutations to) Durga, Who helps us in Crossing over the Difficulties and Dangers of Life and Who is the Essence of All Causes. 4.2:Salutations Always to Her, Who is Renowned and Widely Known Outside (in Creation) Just As She is Dark and Smoky and Difficult to Know Inside (in Meditation).
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There are 4 Stages of Life in Hinduism. These are called “ashramas” and every man should ideally go through each of these stages:
1. Brahmacharya – Bachelor, student phase of life
2. Grihastha – Married life phase and duties of maintaining a Household
3. Vanaprastha – Retirement phase and handing over responsibilities to next generation.
4. Sannyasa – Phasee of giving up material desires and prejudices. Wandering Ascetic Stage
Four stages of life in Hinduism – The Hindu FAQS
Brahmacharya – Student Phase:
This is a period of taking formal education from guru about art, warfare, science, philosophy, scriptures etc. Previously, the average lifespan was considered as 100 years so this phase is the first quarter or 25 years. At this phase, young young male leaves home to stay in gurukul with a guru and attain both spiritual and practical knowledge. During this period, he is called a Brahmachari and is prepared for his future profession.
Grihastha – The Married Family Man:
This stage is the second quarter of one’s life (25-50 years of age) begins when a man gets married, and undertakes the responsibility for earning a living raising kids and supporting his family. At this stage, Hinduism supports the pursuit of wealth (artha) as a necessity, and indulgence in sexual pleasure (kama), under certain defined social and cosmic norms. At this stage, the children of this man are in Brahmacharya phase.
Vanaprastha – Retirement stage:
This stage of a man begins when his duty as a householder comes to an end. This is a third phase of life (51-75 approximately). In this stage, the person handover the responsibilities to next generation. He has become a grandfather, his children are grown up, and have established lives of their own. At this age, he give up his wealth, security, sexual pleasures. At this time, the previous generation enters Grihasta phase.
He is allowed to take his wife along but is supposed to maintain little contact with the family. This kind of life is indeed very harsh and cruel for an aged person. No wonder, this third ashrama is now nearly obsolete.
Sanyasa – The Wandering Recluse:
At this stage, the man give up every material desires and detaches himself from all the material relationships. He supposed to be totally devoted to God. He is a sanyasi, he has no home, no other attachment; he has renounced all desires, fears, hopes, duties and responsibilities. He is virtually merged with God, all his worldly ties are broken, and his sole concern becomes attaining moksha or release from the circle of birth and death. At this stage, the previous generation is entering Vanaprastha stage where as the generation before them are entering Grihastha stage. And the cycle goes on.
5. Ganesha & kartikeya – Sons of Shiva and Parvati
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Chakaara chandda taandavam tanotu nah Shivah Shivam ||1||
Meaning:
1.1: From his huge matted hair like a forest, is pouring out and flowing down the sacred water of the river ganga, and making the ground holy; on that holy ground shiva is dancing his great taandava dance;
1.2: Supporting his neck and hanging down are the lofty serpents which are adorning his neck like lofty garlands,
1.3: His damaru is continuously emitting out the sound and filling the air all around,
1.4: Shiva performed such a passionate tandava; o my lord shiva, please extend the auspicious tandava dance within our beings also.
Sanskrit:
जटाकटाहसम्भ्रमभ्रमन्निलिम्पनिर्झरी_
विलोलवीचिवल्लरीविराजमानमूर्धनि ।
धगद्धगद्धगज्जलल्ललाटपट्टपावके
किशोरचन्द्रशेखरे रतिः प्रतिक्षणं मम ॥२॥
English Translation:
Jataa kattaha sambhrama bhraman nilimpa nirjhari
Vilola vichi vallarii viraajamaana murdhani |
Dhagad dhagad dhagaj jwalal lalatta patta paavake
Kishora chandra shekhare ratih pratikshanam mama ||2||
Meaning:
2.1: His huge matted hair are waving round and round; and whirling with it is the great River Ganga.
2.2: And the strands of his hair are like huge creepers are waving like king waves; His forehead is brilliantly wide
2.3: On the surface of that huge forehead is burning a blazing fire with the sound – dhagad,
dhagad, dhagad (referring to his third eye)
2.4: And a young crescent moon is shining on the peak of his head.
Sanskrit:
धराधरेन्द्रनन्दिनीविलासबन्धुबन्धुर
स्फुरद्दिगन्तसन्ततिप्रमोदमानमानसे ।
कृपाकटाक्षधोरणीनिरुद्धदुर्धरापदि
क्वचिद्दिगम्बरे मनो विनोदमेतु वस्तुनि ॥३॥
English Translation:
Dhara dharendra nandini vilasa bandhu bandhura
Sphurad diganta santati pramodamana maanase |
Krpa kataksha dhorani niruddha durdhara apadi
Kwachid digambare mano vinodametu vastuni ||3||
Meaning:
3.1: Now he is accompanied by the beautiful divine mother who is the supporter of the earth and the daughter of the mountain king; she is ever his companion in his various divine sports,
3.2: The entire horizon is shaking with the force of that tandava, and the subtle waves of the tandava is entering the atmosphere and raising waves of excessive joy.
3.3: That shiva, the flow of whose graceful side glance can restrain even the unrestrainable calamities.
3.4: Who is digambara, clothed with sky signifying he is ever-free and without any desire, sometimes in his mind materializes the wish to play the divine sports and dance.
Sanskrit:
जटाभुजङ्गपिङ्गलस्फुरत्फणामणिप्रभा
कदम्बकुङ्कुमद्रवप्रलिप्तदिग्वधूमुखे ।
मदान्धसिन्धुरस्फुरत्त्वगुत्तरीयमेदुरे
मनो विनोदमद्भुतं बिभर्तु भूतभर्तरि ॥४॥
English Translation:
Jataa bhujanga pingala sphurat phanaa mani prabha
Kadamba kungkuma drava pralipta digvadhu mukhe |
Mada andha sindhura sphurat tvag uttariya medure
Mano vinodam adbhutam bibhartu bhuta bhartari ||4||
Meaning:
4.1: The reddish serpents on his matted hairs with the lustre of red pearls on their hood are throbbing with their hoods raised.
4.2: Collectively the sky is appearing like the huge face of a bride adorned with that red saffron
4.3: His upper garment is flying in the breeze and shaking like the thick skin of an intoxicated elephant,
4.4: My mind is experiencing an extraordinary thrill in this divine sport; it is being carried away by the sustainer of all beings.
5.1: Sahasra locana (means thousand eyes and refers to indra) and others forming an unending line of heads.
5.2: Are being graced by the dust produced by the dancing feet, the feet which has become dust-coloured by dancing on mother earth.
5.3: His matted hair is bound by the garlands of the king of serpents and.
5.4: The shining moon on top of his head which is a friend of the chakora birds who drinks moonlight is radiating the deep beauty and auspiciousness of shiva.
Sanskrit:
ललाटचत्वरज्वलद्धनञ्जयस्फुलिङ्गभा_
निपीतपञ्चसायकं नमन्निलिम्पनायकम् ।
सुधामयूखलेखया विराजमानशेखरं
महाकपालिसम्पदेशिरोजटालमस्तु नः ॥६॥
English Translation:
Lalaata chatvara jvalad dhananjaya sphulinga bhaa
Nipita Pancha sayakam naman nilimpa nayakam |
Sudha mayukha lekhaya viraajamaana shekharam
Maha kapali sampade shiro jattalam astu nah ||6||
Meaning:
6.1: On the surface of his forehead is burning a spark of fire and spreading its lustre (referring to his third eye)
6.2: The fire which absorbed the five arrows (of kama deva) and made the chief god of kama bow down,
6.3: On the top of his head is shining the nectar-rayed-stroke of the crescent moon,
6.4: May we also receive a part of the wealth of the great kapali which is contained in his matted hair.
9.1: Halahal the black poison of the is appearing like a blooming blue lotus and
9.2: Resting within his throat like a girdle; which he himself has restrained by his own will,
9.3: I worship the destroyer of kaam deva (i.e. kama deva), the destroyer of tripurasuras, the destroyer of the delusion of the worldly existence, the destroyer of the daksha.
9.4: I worship the destroyer of gajasura, the destroyer of demon andhaka and I also worship the restrainer of yama; I worship my lord shiva.
10.1: He is the non-diminishing source of auspiciousness for the welfare of all, and the source of all arts which he manifests like a cluster of blossoms.
10.2: From his tandava dance is surging forth the nectar of sweetness in the form of arts expressing his sweet will,
10.3: I worship him who brought an end to kama, who brought an end to the tripurasuras, who brings an end to the delusion of worldly existence who brought an end to the sacrifice (of daksha), …
10.4: I worship him who brought an end to gajasura, who brought an end to demon andhaka, and who restrained yama; I worship my lord shiva.
11.1: His eyebrows are moving to and fro expressing his complete mastership over all the worlds; and his movements are rolling the serpents on his neck who are spewing out their hot breath
11.2: The third eye on his forehead which is like an altar for oblation is throbbing in succession and emitting fire,
11.3: The mridangam is incessantly sounding the auspicious beats of dhimid, dhimid, dhimid, dhimid
11.4: With that succession of beats which are rolling out, shiva is dancing his passionate tandava dance.
Ashta Lakshmi (अष्टलक्ष्मी) are manifestations of Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth. It is said that these manifestations preside over eight sources of wealth which are prosperity, good health, knowledge, strength, progeny, and power.
The Eight Lakshmi or Ashta Lakshmi are:
1. Adi-Lakshmi or Maha Lakshmi (The Great Goddess)
Adi-Lakshmi also known as Maha-Lakshmi or “The Great Lakshmi is a first form of Goddess Lakshmi. She is daughter of sage Bhrigu and wife of Lord Vishnu or Narayana. Aadi-Lakshmi is often depicted as the consort of Narayana living with him at his home in Vaikuntha. 2. Dhana-Lakshmi or Aishwarya Lakshmi (The Goddess of Prosperity and Wealth)
Dhana means wealth in the form of money or gold. It also represents inner strength, will power, talent, virtues and character. Dhana-Lakshmi represents intangible aspect of the human world. She is said to bless the followers with abundance of wealth and prosperity.
The third forms of Goddess Lakshmi in Ashta-Lakshmi Dhanya Lakshmi. Dhanya is food grains – full of natural nutrients and minerals required for a healthy body and mind.
She is the giver of agricultural wealth and all-important nourishment for human beings.
4. Gaja-Lakshmi (The Elephant Goddess)
The fourth forms of Goddess Lakshmi is Gaja-Lakshmi or “Elephant Lakshmi”. She was born out of Samudra Manthan. She is the daughter of the ocean. Myths have it that Gaja-Lakshmi helped Lord Indra regain his lost wealth from the depth of the ocean.
This form of Goddess Lakshmi is the bestower and protector of wealth, prosperity, grace, abundance and royalty.
5. Santana-Lakshmi (The Goddess of Progeny)
The fifth forms of Goddess Lakshmi is Santana Lakshmi. She is the Goddess of progeny, the treasure of the family life. Worshipers of Santana Lakshmi are bestowed with the wealth of good children possessing with good health and a long life.
6. Veera-Lakshmi or Dhairya Lakshmi (The Goddess of Valor and Courage)
The sixth forms of Goddess Lakshmi is Veera Lakshmi. As the names suggests (Veera = valor or courage). This form of Goddess Lakshmi symbolize of courage and strength, and power.
Veera-Lakshmi is worshiped to gain valor and strength and to overcome the difficulties of life, and lead a life of stability.
7. Vidya-Lakshmi (The Goddess of Knowledge)
The Seventh forms of Goddess Lakshmi is Vidya Lakshmi. Vidya means knowledge as well as education.
This form of Goddess Lakshmi is the giver of knowledge of the arts and sciences.
8. Vijaya-Lakshmi or Jaya Lakshmi (The Goddess of Victory)
The Eighth forms of Goddess Lakshmi is Vijaya Lakshmi. Vijaya means victory. So, this form of Goddess Lakshmi symbolizes victory in all aspects of life. Vijaya-Lakshmi is worshiped to ensure all-round victory in every aspect of life.
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Ashta Bhairav are eight manifestations of Kaal Bhairav. They are the guardians and controller of eight directions. Each Bhairav has eight sub Bhairavs under him. So there are 64 Bhairavs in total. All of the Bhairavs are ruled and controlled by Maha Swarna Kala Bhairava, who is considered the supreme ruler of time of the universe and the chief form of Bhairava.
Consort: Vaishnavi
Vahana: Eagle (Garuda)
Direction: South-West
Worship Benefits: Gives you the power to take massive action.
7. Sri Samhaara Bhairav
Sri Samhaara Bhairav
Consort: Chandi
Vahana: Dog
Direction: North-East
Worship Benefits: Complete dissolution of old negative karmas.
8. Sri Kapaala Bhairav
Sri Kapaala Bhairav
Consort: Indrani
Vahana: Elephant
Direction: North-West
Worship Benefits: Ends all unrewarding work and action.
Each of the Bhairava’s manifestations represent, Akash, air, fire, water and earth and the other three being sun, moon and atma. Each of the Bhairavs are different in appearance, have different weapons, different vahanas. They also represent the Ashta Lakshmis.
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1. Shiva’s Trishul or Trident symbolizes the unity of 3 worlds of a human being-his inside world, the immediate world around him and the broader world, a harmony between the 3. The crescent moon on his forehead that gives him the name of Chandrashekar, dates back from the Vedic age when Rudra and Soma, the Moon God, were worshipped together. The Trishul in his hand also represents the 3 Gunas-Sattva,Rajas and Tama, while the Damaru or the drum represents the sacred sound OM from which all languages are formed.
Shiva’s Trishul or Trident
2. Bhagiratha prayed to Lord Shiva for getting the Ganga to earth, which would flow over his ancestor’s ashes and grant them salvation. However when Ganga was descending to Earth, she was still in a playful mood. She felt she would just rush down and sweep Shiva off his feet. Sensing her intentions, Shiva, imprisoned the falling Ganga in his locks. It was again on Bhagiratha’s plea, that Shiva let Ganga flow from his hair. The name Gangadhara comes from Shiva carrying Ganga on his head.
Lord Shiva and Ganga
3. Shiva is represented as Nataraja, the Lord of Dance, and there are two forms, Tandava, the fierce aspect representing destruction of universe, and Lasya, the gentler one. The demon being surpressed under Shiva’s feet is Apasmara symbolizing ignorance.
Shiva as Nataraja
4. Shiva along with his consort Parvati is represented in the Ardhanarisvara form, which is a half male, half female icon. The concept is of the masculine energy(Purusha) and feminine energy( Prakrithi) of the universe in a synthesis. At another level, this is also used to symbolize that in a marital relationship, the wife is one half of the husband, and has an equal status. That is the reason why Shiva-Parvati are often held as examples of a perfect marriage.
Shiva and Parvati as Ardhanarisvara
5. Kamadeva, the Hindu god of love, Cupid’s equivalent albeit clothed, was burned to ash by Shiva. This was when Devas were waging a war against Tarakasur. He could only be defeated by Shiva’s son. But Shiva was busy in meditation and well, no one procreates when meditating. So Devas asked Kamadeva to pierce Shiva with his love arrows. He managed except Shiva woke up in rage. Apart from Tandava, the other thing that Shiva is known to do in anger is open his third eye. If he views anyone from his third eye, then the person is burned down. This is exactly what happened to Kamadeva.
6. Ravana was one of Shiva’s greatest devotees. Once he tried to uproot Mount Kailasa, Shiva’s abode in the Himalayas. I cannot remember the exact reason why he wanted to do so but anyway, he could not succeed in this endeavour. Shiva trapped him beneath Kailasa. To redeem himself, Ravana started singing hymns in praise of Shiva. He cut off one of his heads to make a veena and used his tendons as the instrument’s string to make music. Eventually, over many years, Shiva did forgive Ravana and freed him from under the mountain. Also, post this episode, Shiva was so moved by Ravana’s prayer that he became his favorite devotee.
Shiva and ravana
7. He is known as Tripurantaka because he destroyed the 3 flying cities Tripura with Brahma driving his chariot and Vishnu propelling the warhead.
Shiva as Tripurantaka
8. Shiva is a pretty liberal God. He allows everything which is otherwise considered unconventional or taboo in religion. One need not follow any set rituals to pray to him. He is not a sucker for rules and is known to grant wishes to anyone and everyone. Unlike Brahma or Vishnu who want their devotees to prove their mettle, Shiva is fairly easy to please.
Maha Shivaratri is a Hindu festival celebrated annually in reverence of the god Shiva. It is the day Shiva was married to the goddess Parvati. The Maha Shivaratri festival, also popularly known as ‘Shivaratri’ (spelt as Sivaratri, Shivaratri, Sivarathri, and Shivarathri) or ‘Great Night of Shiva’, marks the convergence of Shiva and Shakti. Chaturdashi Tithi during Krishna Paksha in month of Magha is known as Maha Shivaratri according to South Indian calendar. However according to North Indian calendar Masik Shivaratri in month of Phalguna is known as Maha Shivaratri. In both calendars it is naming convention of lunar month which differs. However both, North Indians and South Indians, celebrate Maha Shivaratri on same day. Of the twelve Shivaratris in the year, the Maha Shivarathri is the most holy.
shankar Mahadev
The legends signify that this day is the favorite of Lord Shiva and also throws light on his greatness and the supremacy of Lord Shiva over all other Hindu Gods and Goddesses.
Maha Shivaratri also celebrates the night when Lord Shiva performed the ‘Tandava’, the cosmic dance.
In honour of Siva, one of the Hindu Trinity, representing the destructive aspect in the universe.Though generally, the night time is considered sacred and suitable for the worship of the feminine aspect of’ the deity and the day time for that of’ the masculine, yet on this particular occasion Siva is worshipped during the night time, and as a matter of fact, it is specially enjoined to be observed then. The observance of the Vratha is believed to secure for the devotee immunity from the eftects of sin committed either wittingly or unwittingly. The night is divided into four quarters, each quarter going by the name of a Jama called also Yama and pious people keep awake during every one of it , worshipping Iswara.
The festival is principally celebrated by offerings of Bael leaves to Shiva, all-day fasting and an all-night-vigil (jagaran). All through the day, devotees chant “Om Namah Shivaya”, the sacred mantra of Shiva. Penances are performed in order to gain boons in the practice of Yoga and meditation, in order to reach life’s highest good steadily and swiftly. On this day, the planetary positions in the Northern hemisphere act as potent catalysts to help a person raise his or her spiritual energy more easily. The benefits of powerful ancient Sanskrit mantras such as Maha Mrityunjaya Mantra increase greatly on this night.
Stories:
There are many incidents told about the greatness of this day. Once a hunter in a jungle after searching throughout the jungle, was quite tired and could not get any animal. In the nightfall a tiger started chasing him. to escape from that he climbed a tree. That was a Bilva tree. The tiger sat under the tree waiting for him to come down. The hunter who sat on a branch of the tree was quite tense and didn’t want to sleep. He was plucking the leaves and putting down as he was not able to be idle. Below the tree there was a Shiva lingam. The whole night went on like this. God was pleased with the Upavasa (hunger) and the Pooja the hunter and the tiger did even without knowledge. He is the peak of the grace. He gave the hunter and the tiger “Moksha”. The drenching rain constituted a bath and his action of throwing the bael leaves on the Shiva Lingam, the worship of Shiva on the Shivaratri night. Though his actions were not intentional to worship Shiva, yet he is said to have gained heaven as he had observed the Shivaratri Vratha unwittingly.
Once Parvati asked Lord Shiva which devotees and rituals pleased him the most. The Lord replied that the 14th night of the new moon, in the dark fortnight during the month of Phalgun, is his favorite day. Parvati repeated these words to Her friends, from whom the word spread to all creation.
Kids dressed as Shiva on Maha Shivratri Credits: theguardian.com
How is Maha Shivaratri celebrated
According to the Shiva Puran, six items are regarded precious to worship and offer Lord Shiva in Maha Shivaratri.
The six Items are Beal fruit, Vermilion Paste (Chandan), Food Items (Prasad), Incense, Lamp (Diyo), Betel Leaves.
1) Beal Leaf (Marmelos leaf) – offering of Beal Leaf represents purification of the soul.
2) Vermilion paste (Chandan) – Applying chandan on Shiva Linga after washing the Linga represents good feature. Chandan is inseparable part of Worshipping Lord Shiva.
3) Food items – Food items such as rice and fruits are offered to the Lord to ensure a long life and fulfillment of desires.
4) Incense (Dhoop batti) – Incense sticks are lit before Lord Shiva to be blessed with wealth and prosperity.
5) Lamp (Diyo) – The lighting of Cotton handmade batti , lamp or diyo is believed to be helpful to gain knowledge.
6) Betel leaves (Paan ko patta) – Beatle leaves or Pan ko pat represents satisfaction with maturity.
Shiva Puran states, the beat of Damaru revealed the first seven letters of music. Those notes are source of language too. Shiva is inventor of notes of music Sa, Re, Ga, Ma Pa, Dha, Ni. He is worshiped as inventor of language on his birthday too.
The Shiva linga is washed with Pancha kavya (mixture of five products of cow) and Panchamatrit (mixture of five sweet things). Pancha kavya includes cow dung, cow urine, milk, Curd and Ghee. Panchamrit includes Cow milk, Yogurt, Honey, Sugar and Ghee.
In front of the Shiva Linga Kalash (Medium size vessel with small neck) filled with mixed water and milk is set. The neck of the Kalash is tied with white and red piece of cloth. Flower, mango leaves, peeple leaves, beal leaves are kept inside the kalash. Mantras are chanted to worship Lord Shiva.
Shiva idol
In Nepal, millions of Hindus attend Shivaratri together from different part of the world at the famous Pashupatinath Temple. Thousands of devotees also attend Mahasivaratri at the famous Shiva Shakti Peetham of Nepal.
The indian devotee visits many big and small shiva temples to do their offerings and pray. The 12 Jyotirlingas are the famous of them all.
In Trinidad and Tobago, thousands of Hindus spend the auspicious night in over 400 temples across the country, offering special jhalls to Lord Shiva.
Credits: Photo credits to the Original Photographer.
Here is the third Part of our series “Ashtavinayaka: The eight abodes of Lord Ganesha” Where we will discuss the final three Ganesha which are Girijatmak , Vighneshwar and Mahaganpati . So lets start…
6) Girijatmaj (गिरिजत्मज)
It is believed that Parvati (Shiva’s wife) performed penance to beget Ganesha at this point. Girija’s (Parvati’s) Atmaj (son) is Girijatmaj. This temple stands amidst a cave complex of 18 caves of Buddhist origin. This temple is the 8th cave. These are called Ganesh-leni as well. The temple is carved out of a single stone hill, which has 307 steps. The temple features a wide hall with no supporting pillars. The temple hall is 53feet long, 51feet wide and 7feet in height.
Girijatmaj Lenyadri Ashtavinayaka
The idol faces north with its trunk to the left, and has to be worshipped from the rear of the temple. The temple faces south. This idol seems to be little different from the rest of the Ashtavinayak idols in a sense that it appears to be not very well designed or carved like the other idols. This idol can be worshipped by anyone. There is no electric bulb in the temple. The temple is constructed such that during the day it is always lighted up by the sun-rays!
Girijatmaj Lenyadri Ashtavinayaka
7) Vighneshwar (विघ्नेश्वर):
The history encompassing this idol states that Vighnasur, a demon was created by the King of Gods, Indra to destroy the prayer organized by King Abhinandan. However, the demon went a step further and destroyed all vedic, religious acts and to answer the people’s prayers for protection, Ganesh defeated him. The story goes on to say that on being conquered, the demon begged and pleaded with Ganesha to show a mercy. Ganesha then granted in his plea, but on the condition that demon should not go to the place where Ganesha worshipping is going on. In return the demon asked a favour that his name should be taken before Ganesha’s name, thus the name of Ganesha became Vighnahar or Vighneshwar (Vighna in Sanskrit means a sudden interruption in the ongoing work due to some unforeseen, unwarranted event or cause). The Ganesha here is called Shri Vighneshwar Vinayak.
Vighneshwar, ozhar – Ashtavinayaka
The temple faces east and is surrounded by a thick stone wall. One can walk on the wall. The main hall of the temple is 20feet long and the inner hall is 10feet long. This idol, facing the east, has its trunk towards the left and rubies in its eyes. There is a diamond on the forehead and some jewel in the navel. Idols of Riddhi and Siddhi are placed on the two sides of the Ganesha idol. The temple top is Golden and is possibly built by Chimaji Appa after defeating the Portuguese rulers of Vasai and Sashti. The temple is probably built around 1785AD.
Vighneshwar, ozhar – Ashtavinayaka
8) Mahaganpati (महागणपति)
Shiva is believed to have worshipped Ganesha before fighting the demon Tripurasura here. The temple was built by Shiva where he worshipped Ganesha, and the town he set up was called Manipur which is now known as Ranjangaon.
The idol faces the east, is seated in a cross-legged position with a broad forehead, with its trunk pointing to the left. It is said that the original idol is hidden in the basement, having 10 trunks and 20 hands and is called Mahotkat, however, the temple authorities deny existence of any such idol.
Mahaganpati, Ranjangaon – Ashtavinayaka
Constructed so that the rays of the sun fall directly on the idol (during the Southward movement of the sun), the temple bears a distinct resemblance to the architecture reminiscent of the 9th and 10th Centuries and faces the east. Shrimant Madhavrao Peshwa used to visit this temple very often and built the stone sanctum around the idol and in 1790AD Mr. Anyaba Dev was authorised to worship the idol.
Ranjangaoncha Mahaganapati is considered to be one of the Ashta Vinayak shrines of Maharashtra, celebrating eight instances of legends related to Ganesha.
Legend has it that when a sage had once sneezed he gave out a child; since being with the sage the child learnt many good stuff about lord ganesha, however had inherited many evil thoughts within; when he grew he developed in to a demon by name Tripurasura; thereafter he prayed to Lord Shiva and got three powerful citadels (the evil Tripuram forts) of Gold, Silver and Bronze with a boon of invincibility until all the three are in linear; with the boon to his side he caused suffering to all beings in the heavens and on earth. Upon hearing the fervent appeals of the Gods, Shiva intervened, and realized that he could not defeat the demon. It was upon hearing Narada Muni’s advice that Shiva saluted Ganesha and then shot a single arrow that pierced through the citadels, bringing an end to the demon.
Shiva, the slayer of the Tripura citadels is enshrined at Bhimashankaram nearby.
A variation of this legend is commonly known in South India. Ganesha is said to have caused the axle in Shiva’s chariot to break, as the latter headed to battle the demon without saluting Ganesha before he set out. Upon realizing his act of omission, Shiva saluted his son Ganesha, and then proceeded victoriously to a short battle against the powerful demon.
Mahaganapati is portrayed, seated on a lotus, flanked by his consorts Siddhi and Ridhi. The temple dates back to the period of Peshwa Madhav Rao. The temple was erected during the rule of the Peshwas. Peshwa Madhavrao had constructed the Garbhagriha, the sanctum to house the swayambhoo statue.
The temple faces east. It has an imposing main gate which is guarded by two statues of Jay and Vijay. The temple is designed in such away that during Dakshinayan[ the apparent movement of the sun to the south] the rays of the sun fall directly on the deity.
The deity is seated and flanked on both sides by Riddhi and Siddhi. The trunk of the deity turns to the left. There is a local belief that the real statue of Mahaganpati is hidden in some vault and this statue has ten trunks and twenty arms. But there is nothing to substantiate this belief.
Credits: To the original photos and the photographers!
Here is the second Part of our series “Ashtavinayaka: The eight abodes of Lord Ganesha” Where we will discuss the next three Ganesha which are Ballaleshwar, Varadavinayak and Chintamani. So lets start…
3) Ballaleshwar (बल्लाळेश्वर) :
Like a few other murtis, this one has diamonds embedded in the eyes and navel, and with His trunk pointing to the left. One speciality of this temple is that the prasad offered to this Ganapati at Pali is Besan Laadu instead of Modak that is normally offered to other Ganapatis. The shape of the idol itself bears a striking remblance with the mountain which forms the backdrop of this temple. This is more prominently felt if one views the photograph of the mountain and then sees the idol.
Ballaleshwar, pali – Ashtavinayaka
The original wooden temple was reconstructed in to a stone temple by Nana Phadanavis in 1760. There are two small lakes constructed on two sides of the temple. One of them is reserved for the puja (worship) of the Deity. This Temple faces the east and has two sanctums. The inner one houses the murti and has a Mushika (Ganesha’s mouse vahana) with modaka in his forepaws in front of it. The hall, supported by eight exquisitely carved pillars demands as much attention as the idol, sitting on throne carved like a Cyprus tree. The eight pillars depict the eight directions. Inner sanctum is 15 feet tall and outer one is 12 feet tall. The temple is constructed in such a way that after the winter (dakshinayan : southward movement of the sun) solstice, the sun rays fall on the Ganesha murti at sunrise. The temple is built with stones which are stuck together very tight using melted lead.
History of Temple
The legendary story of Shri Ballaleshwar is covered in Upasana Khand Section -22 occurred in Pali the old name Pallipur.
Kalyansheth was a merchant in Pallipur and was married to Indumati. The couple was childless for quite some time but later was blessed with a son known as Ballal. As Ballal grew, he spent much of his time in worshiping and praying. He was devotee of Lord Ganesha and used to worship stone idol of Shri Ganesha in the forest along with his friends and companions. As it used to take time, the friends would reach home late. Regular delay in returning house used to irritate the parents of the friends of Ballal who complained to his father saying that Ballal was responsible for spoiling the kids. Already unhappy with Ballal for not concentrating on his studies, Kalyansheth was boiling with anger when he heard the complaint. Immediately he reached the place of worship in the forest and devastated Pooja arrangements organized by Ballal and his friends. He threw away the Stone Idol of Shri Ganesh and broke the pandal. All the kids got frightened but Ballal who was engrossed in Pooja and japa, did not even know what was happening around. Kalayan beat Ballal mercilessly and tied him to the tree saying to get fed and freed by Shri Ganesha. He left for home thereafter.
Ballaleshwar, pali – Ashtavinayaka
Ballal semiconscious and tied to the tree in the forest was lying as that with severe pain all over, started calling his beloved God, Shri Ganesha. “O Lord, Shri Ganesha, I was busy in praying you, I was right and humble but my cruel father has spoiled my act of devotion and hence I am unable to perform Pooja.” Shri Ganesha was pleased and responded quickly. Ballal was freed. He blessed Ballal to be superior devotee with larger lifespan. Shri Ganesha hugged Ballal and said that his father would suffer for his wrongdoings.
Ballal insisted that Lord Ganesha should continue to stay there at Pali. Nodding His head Shri Ganesha made his permanent stay at Pali as Ballal Vinayak and disappeared in a large stone. This is famous as Shri Ballaleshwar.
Shri Dhundi Vinayak
In the above mentioned story the stone idol which Ballal used to worship and which was thrown away by Kalyan Sheth is known as Dhundi Vinayak. The idol is facing west. The birth celebration of Dhundi Vinayak takes place from Jeshtha Pratipada to Panchami. From ancient time, it is a practice to take darshan of Dhundi Vinayak before proceeding to main idol Shree Ballaleshwar.
4) Varad Vinayak (वरदविनायक)
Ganesha is said to reside here in the form of Varada Vinayaka, the giver of bounty and success. The idol was found in the adjoining lake (to Mr. Dhondu Paudkar in 1690AD), in an immersed position and hence its weathered look. In 1725AD the then Kalyan subhedar, Mr. Ramji Mahadev Biwalkar built the Varadavinayak temple and the village of Mahad.
Varad Vinayak – Ashtavinayaka
Mahad is a pretty village set in the hilly region of Konkan in the Raigarh district and the Khalapur Taluka of Maharastra.Lord Ganesha as Varad Vinayak fulfills all desires and grants all boons. This region was known as Bhadrak or Madhak in ancient times. The Original Idol of Varad Vinayak can be seen outside the sanctum. Both Idols are located in two corners- the Idol on the left is smeared in vermillion with its trunk turned left, and the idol on the right is made of white marble with its trunk turned to the right . The sanctum is made of stone and is surronded by beautiful stone elephant carving which house the idol. There are 4 elephant idols on 4 sides of the temple. Two stone idols of Riddhi & Siddhi can also be seen in the sanctum.
This is the only temple where devotees are allowed to personally pay their homage and respects to the idol. They are allowed in the immediate vicinity of this idol to perform their prayers.
5) Chintamani (चिंतामणि)
Ganesha is believed to have got back the precious Chinatamani jewel from the greedy Guna for sage Kapila at this spot. However, after bringing back the jewel, sage Kapila put it in Vinayaka’s (Ganesha’s) neck. Thus the name Chintamani Vinayak. This happened under the Kadamb tree, therefore Theur is known as Kadambanagar in old times.
Known to be one of the larger and more famous of the eight revered shrines, the temple is situated in the village of Theur, 25 km from Pune. The hall has a black stone water fountain in it. Beside the central shrine dedicated to Ganesha, there are three smaller shrines in the temple complex dedicated to Shiva, Vishnu-Lakshmi and Hanuman. Lord Ganesha is worshipped by the name ‘Chintamani’ in this temple as it is believed he provides deliverance from worries.
Chintamani – Ashtavinayaka
The lake behind the temple is called Kadambteertha. The temple entrance is North facing. The outer wooden hall was built by Peshwas. The main temple is supposed to have been built by Dharanidhar Maharaj Dev from the family-lineage of Shri Moraya Gosavi. He must have built this around 100 years before Senior Shrimant Madhavrao Peshwa built the outer wooden hall.
This idol also has a left trunk, with carbuncle and diamonds as its eyes. The idol faces the East side.
Theur’s Chintamani was the family deity of Shrimant Madhavrao I Peshwa. He suffered from tuberculosis and died at a very young age (27years). He is supposed to have died in this temple. His wife, Ramabai committed Sati with him on 18 November 1772.
Credits:
Photo credits to Original photos and the respective photographers ashtavinayaktemples.com
Ashtavinayaka , also pronounced as Asthavinayaka, Ashthavinayaka (अष्टविनायक) literally means “eight Ganeshas” in Sanskrit. Ganesh is the Hindu deity of unity, prosperity & learning and removes obstacles. The term Ashtavinayaka refers to eight Ganeshas. Ashtavinayaka yatra trip refers to a pilgrimage to the eight Hindu temples in Maharashtra state of India that house eight distinct idols of Ganesha, in a pre-ascertained sequence.
A decor showing all Ashtavinayaka
The Ashtavinayaka yatra or pilgrimage covers the eight ancient holy temples of Ganesha which are situated around Maharashtra, A state of India. Each of these temples has its own individual legend and history, as distinct from each other as the murtis (Idos) in each temple. The form of each murti of Ganesha and His trunk are distinct from one another. All the Eight Ashtavinayak Temples are Swayambhu (self-originated) and Jagrut.
The eight names of Ashtavinayaka are:
1. Moreshwar (मोरेश्वर) from Morgaon
2. Mahaganpati (महागणपति) from Ranjangaon
3. Chintamani (चिंतामणि) from Theur
4. Girijatmak (गिरिजत्मज) from Lenyadri
5. Vighneshwar (विघ्नेश्वर) from Ojhar
6. Siddhivinayak (सिद्धिविनायक ) from Siddhatek
7. Ballaleshwar (बल्लाळेश्वर) from Pali
8. Varad Vinayak (वरदविनायक) from Mahad
1) Moreshwara (मोरेश्वर):
This is the most important temple on this tour. The temple, built from black-stone during the Bahamani reign, has four gates (It is supposed to have been built by one of the knights named Mr. Gole, from the court of Bidar’s Sultan). The temple is situated in the centre of the village. The temple is covered from all sides by four minarets and gives feeling of a mosque if seen from a distance. This was done to prevent attacks on the temple during Mughal periods. The temple has 50 feet tall wall around it.
Morgaon temple – Ashtavinayaka
There is a Nandi (Shiva’s bull mount) sitting in front of this temple entrance, which is unique, as Nandi is normally in front of only Shiva temples. However, the story says that this statue was being carried to some Shivamandir during which the vehicle carrying it broke down and the Nandi statue could not be removed from its current place.
The murti of Lord Ganesha is three eyed, seated, and his trunk is turned towards the left, riding a peacock, in the form of Mayureshwara is believed to have slain the demon Sindhu at this spot. The idol, with its trunk turned to the left, has a cobra (Nagaraja) poised over it protecting it. This form of Ganesha also has two other murtis of Siddhi (Capability) and Riddhi (Intelligence).
Morgaon Ganpati – Ashtavinayaka
However, this is not the original murti -which is said to have been consecrated twice by Brahma, once before and once after being destroyed by the asura Sindhurasur. The original murti, smaller in size and made of atoms of sand, iron, and diamonds, was supposedly enclosed in a copper sheet by the Pandavas and placed behind the one that is currently worshiped.
2) Siddhivinayak (सिद्धिविनायक ):
Siddhatek is a remote little village along the river Bhima in the Ahmednagar district and Karjat tehsil in Maharashtra. The Siddhivinayak Ashtavinayak Temple at Siddhtek is considered an especially powerful deity. God Vishnu is supposed to have vanquished the asuras Madhu and Kaitabh after propitiating Ganesha here. This is the only murti of these eight with the trunk positioned to the right. It is believed that the two saints Shri Morya Gosavi and Shri Narayan Maharaj of Kedgaon received their enlightenment here.
Siddhivinayak Siddhatek temple – Ashtavinayak
The Mudgala Purana narrates that at the beginning of Creation, the creator-god Brahma emerges from a lotus, that rises the god Vishnu’s navel as Vishnu sleeps in his yoganidra. While Brahma starts creating the universe, two demons Madhu and Kaitabha rise from the dirt in Vishnu’s ear. The demons disturb Brahma’s process of creation, thereby compelling Vishnu to awake. Vishnu battles the battle, but cannot defeat them. He asks the god Shiva the reason for this. Shiva informs Vishnu that he cannot succeed as he had forgotten to invoke Ganesha – the god of beginning and obstacle removal – before the fight. Therefore Vishnu performs penance at Siddhatek, invoking Ganesha with his mantra “Om Sri Ganeshaya Namah”. Pleased, Ganesha bestows his blessings and various siddhis (“powers”) on Vishnu, returns to his fight and slays the demons. The place where Vishnu acquired siddhis was thereafter known as Siddhatek.
Siddhivinayak, Siddhatek Ganpati – Ashtavinayaka
The temple is North-facing and is on a small hillock. The main road towards the temple was believed to be built by Peshwa’s general Haripant Phadake. The inner sanctum, 15 feet high and 10 feet wide is built by Punyashloka Ahilyabai Holkar. The idol is 3feet tall and 2.5feet wide. The idol faces North-direction. The stomach of the murti is not wide, but Riddhi and Siddhi murtis are sitting on one thigh. This murti’s trunk is turning to the right. The right-sided-trunk Ganesha is supposed to be very strict for the devotees. To make one round (pradakshina) around the temple one has to make the round trip of the hillock. This takes about 30 minutes with moderate speed.
Peshwa general Haripant Phadake lost his General’s position and did 21 Pradakshina around the temple. On the 21st day Peshwa’s court-man came and took him to the court with royal honor. Haripant promised the God that he will bring the stones of the castle which he will win from the first war he will fight as the general. The stone pathway is built from the Badami-Castle which was attacked by Haripant soon after he became the general.
Credits:
Photo credits to the original uploaders and Photographers
In the vast sea of knowledge of Hindu mythology, the word “Jyotirlinga” Or “Jyotirling” (ज्योतिर्लिंग) holds a very strong religious and emotional significance as it represents the abode of Lord Shiva. The word Jyotirlinga is derived from the Sanskrit words “Jyoti” meaning “radiance” or “light” and “Linga” referring to the symbol of Lord Shiva, Jyotirlinga embodies the divine cosmic energy of the Supreme Being. These sacred abodes of Lord Shiva are believed to be alive with His presence and are revered as the most visited pilgrimage sites in India.
The origin of the term “Jyotirling” (ज्योतिर्लिंग) can be traced back to ancient scriptures and religious texts. The Puranas, particularly the Shiva Purana and the Linga Purana, extensively mention the significance and stories of the Jyotirlingas. These sacred texts describe the legends associated with each Jyotirlinga and the divine manifestations of Lord Shiva at these holy sites.
The worship of the Shivalinga holds utmost importance for devotees of Lord Shiva, considering it as the primary form of worship. It is believed that the Shivalinga represents the resplendent light or flame-like form of the Shiva himself, one of the principal deities in the Hindu trinity. It is a powerful and ancient symbol associated with the divine masculine energy, creation, and the eternal cycle of life.
Shiv Ling (शिवलिंग) – Represents the cosmic pillar of energy and consciousness from which the entire universe emerges – HinfuFaqs
Here are some key aspects and interpretations associated with the Shiva Lingam:
Creation and Dissolution: The Shiva Ling represents the union of the cosmic energies of creation and dissolution. It symbolizes the cyclic process of birth, growth, death, and rebirth. The rounded top of the Linga represents the energy of creation, while the cylindrical base represents dissolution or transformation.
Divine Masculine Energy: The Shiva Ling is a representation of the divine masculine principle. It embodies qualities such as strength, power, and spiritual transformation. It is often worshipped by devotees seeking blessings for inner strength, courage, and spiritual growth.
Union of Shiva and Shakti: The Shiva Ling is often seen as a representation of the union between Lord Shiva and his consort, Goddess Shakti. It symbolizes the harmonious balance of the divine masculine and feminine energies, known as Shiva and Shakti, respectively. The Linga represents the Shiva aspect, while the yoni represents the Shakti aspect.
Fertility and Life Force: The Shiva Ling is associated with fertility and the life force energy. It represents the procreative energy of Lord Shiva and is worshipped for blessings related to fertility, progeny, and the continuation of family lineage.
Spiritual Awakening: The Shiva Ling is revered as a sacred object of meditation and spiritual awakening. Devotees believe that meditating upon the Linga can help awaken the peaceful spiritual energy within and lead to self-realization and liberation.
Ritual Worship: The Shiva Ling is worshipped with great reverence and devotion. Devotees offer water, milk, bilva leaves, flowers, and sacred ash (vibhuti) to the Linga as a gesture of respect and adoration. These offerings are believed to purify the mind, body, and soul and invoke the blessings of Lord Shiva.
It is important to note that the Shiva Ling is not considered a phallic symbol in a purely sexual context. Its representation goes beyond the physical aspect and delves into the profound symbolism of cosmic creation and spiritual transformation.
The manifestation of Lord Shiva as a Jyotirlinga holds a special place in Hindu mythology. It is believed that during the night of the Aridra Nakshatra, Lord Shiva revealed himself as the Jyotirlinga. Though the appearance may not have distinguishing features, it is said that individuals who have reached higher levels of spiritual attainment can perceive these lingas as columns of fire penetrating through the earth. This celestial phenomenon further enhances the true significance attached to the Jyotirlingas.
Initially, there were believed to be 64 Jyotirlingas, but 12 of them hold immense auspiciousness and sanctity. Each of these 12 Jyotirlinga sites is dedicated to a specific presiding deity, considered as distinct manifestations of Lord Shiva himself. The primary image at each of these sacred sites is a linga or lingam, symbolizing the timeless and eternal Stambha pillar, which represents the infinite nature of Lord Shiva.
The Jyotirlingas evoke deep religious sentiments among devotees, who perceive them as powerful sources of divine energy and blessings. Pilgrims from far and wide regions of India and from the world undertake long journeys to visit these sacred sites, seeking spiritual upliftment, inner transformation, and closeness to Lord Shiva. The presence of the Jyotirlingas serves as a constant reminder of the transcendental nature of God and the infinite possibilities of spiritual realization.
12 Jyotirlinga (ज्योतिर्लिंग) In India – Temples Of Lord Shiva
SomnathJyotirlinga Temple – Located in Veraval, Saurashtra region In Gujarat NageshwarJyotirlinga Temple – Located in Daarukavanam region In Gujarat BhimashankarJyotirlinga Temple – Located in Pune region In Maharashtra TrimbakeshwarJyotirlinga Temple – Located in Nashik region In Maharashtra GrishneshwarJyotirlinga Temple – Located in Aurangabad region In Maharashtra VaidyanathJyotirlinga Temple – Located in Deoghar region In Jharkhand MahakaleshwarJyotirlinga Temple – Located in Ujjain region In Madhya Pradesh OmkareshwarJyotirlinga Temple – Located in Khandwa region In Madhya Pradesh Kashi VishwanathJyotirlinga Temple – Located in Varanasi region In Uttar Pradesh KedarnathJyotirlinga Temple – Located in Kedarnath region In Uttarakhand RameshwaramJyotirlinga Temple – Located in Rameswaram region In Tamil Nadu MallikarjunaJyotirlinga Temple – Located in Srisailam region In Andhra Pradesh
Dwadasa Jyotirlinga Stotra by Adi Shankaracharya:
Dwadasa Jyotirlinga Stotra by Adi Shankaracharya – HinduFAQs
‘Saurashtre Somanaatham Cha Sree Saile Mallikarjunam. Ujjayinyaam Mahaakaalam Omkaare Mamaleswaram. Himalaye to Kedaram Daakinyaam Bhimashankaram. Vaaranaasyaam cha Viswesam Trayambakam Gowtameethate. Paralyaam Vaidyanaatham cha Naagesam Daarukaavane Setubandhe Ramesham Grushnesam cha Shivaalaye ||’
Meaning of Dwadasa 12 Jyotirlinga Stotra in English:
“In Saurashtra is Somnath, and in Shri Shailam is Mallikarjuna, In Ujjain is Mahakala, and in Omkareshwar is Amaleshwara, In Parli is Vaidyanath, and in Dakini is Bhimashankara, In Setubandha is Rameshwara, and in Daruka Forest is Nageshwara, In Varanasi is Vishweshwara, and on the banks of Godavari is Trayambakeshwara, In the Himalayas is Kedara, and in Kashi is Gushmeshwara, By reciting these Jyotirlingas in the evening and morning, A person is relieved from sins committed in seven lifetimes.”
Note: This Sanskrit stotra or hymn highlights the 12 Jyotirlinga, including Somnath, Mallikarjuna, Mahakaleshwar, Omkareshwar, Vaidyanath, Bhimashankar, Rameshwaram, Nageshwara, Vishweshwara, Trayambakeshwara, Kedarnath, and Gushmeshwara. It emphasizes the power of reciting the names of these sacred lingas in relieving one from the sins accumulated over multiple lifetimes.
1. Somnath Jyotirlinga Temple – Veraval, Gujarat The Eternal Shrine of Lord Shiva
The Somnath Jyotirlinga Temple, in the holy town of Prabhas Patan near Veraval, Gujarat, holds a prime spot among the 12 Jyotirlinga dedicated to Lord Shiva. Enshrining the first and foremost Jyotirlinga, this divine temple radiates with the powerful presence of Lord Shiva. The significance of the Somnath Temple can be traced back to ancient times, as mentioned in sacred scriptures and revered hymns.
Let us embark on a spiritual journey to explore the glory and devotion that surround the first Jyotirlinga – Somnath.
The term “Somnath” is derived from two Sanskrit words – “Soma” and “Nath.” “Soma” refers to the Moon God, while “Nath” translates to “Lord” or “Master.” The name signifies the divine association of Lord Shiva with the Moon God, indicating the significance of this sacred abode.
Importatance of Somnath Temple
The Somnath Temple’s importance lies in its status as the first among the 12 Jyotirlinga. The term “Jyotirlinga” comprises two elements: “Jyoti” meaning “radiant light” and “Linga” representing Lord Shiva’s formless cosmic manifestation. The Jyotirlingas are considered the supreme abodes of Lord Shiva, where devotees can experience his divine presence and seek spiritual enlightenment.
History and Significance Of Somnath Temple:
The history of the Somnath Temple is intertwined with ancient mythology of Indian history. It is believed that Lord Shiva manifested himself as the first Jyotirlinga at Somnath, signifying the eternal divine light. The temple’s origin traces back to the Satyug era, and its prominence finds mention in revered scriptures like the Skanda Purana, Shiva Purana, and Dwadasha Jyotirlinga Stotram.
Throughout its existence, the Somnath Temple witnessed the rise and fall of dynasties, facing numerous invasions and destruction. It stood as a testament to the unwavering faith and devotion of countless devotees, who rebuilt the temple time and again. The temple’s history includes the devastating invasions by Mahmud of Ghazni in the 11th century and subsequent reconstruction efforts by different rulers, explains the resilience and spirit of Shiva devotees.
Architectural Marvel Of Somnath Temple:
The Somnath Temple’s architectural marvel showcases a fusion of ancient and contemporary styles. The temple is truly magnificent, with its beautiful carvings, tall towers, and delicate sculptures. The Shiv ling is inside the gabhara. It represents a never-ending beam of light and reminds us of Lord Shiva’s everlasting presence in the universe.
Architectural Marvel Of Somnath Jyotirlinga Temple. Photo Credits: Gujarat Tourism
Pilgrimage and Worship in Somnath Temple:
Pilgrims from far and wide undertake a spiritual journey to the Somnath Temple, seeking divine blessings, solace, and liberation from the cycle of life and death. The temple resonates with the enchanting chants of Vedic hymns and the deep devotion of devotees, creating an atmosphere charged with spiritual energy.
Festivals like Mahashivaratri, Kartik Purnima, and Shravan Month witness grand rituals and ceremonies at the Somnath Temple. Devotees immerse themselves in sacred rituals, offering prayers and performing abhishekam (ritualistic bathing) to seek Lord Shiva’s divine grace and blessings.
Nageshwar Jyotirlinga Temple: Dwarka, Gujarat The Sacred Jyotirlinga of Lord Shiva – Dwelling of the Mighty Serpent
Introduction of Nageshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
Situated near the city of Dwarka in Gujarat, the Nageshwar Jyotirlinga Temple holds immense significance as one of the 12 Jyotirlinga dedicated to Lord Shiva. Known as the “Dwarka Nageshwar Jyotirlinga,” this divine temple’s sanctorium enshrines the Nageshwar Linga, symbolizing the presence and divine power of Lord Shiva. Let us walk on a spiritual journey to explore the profound history, sacred legends, and the spiritual essence surrounding the Nageshwar Temple.
Nomenclature and Mythological Significance behind Nageshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
The term “Nageshwar” is derived from two Sanskrit words – “Naga” meaning “serpent” and “Ishwara” representing “Lord.” Nageshwar signifies the Lord of Serpents, as Lord Shiva is often associated with snakes in Hindu mythology. The temple derives its name from the sacred association with the serpent lord.
Legends and Historical Significance related to Nageshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
According to ancient stories, it is believed that the Nageshwar Temple holds a strong connection with the legendary tale from in the Shiva Purana. The story revolves around the demon couple Daruka and Daruki, who were devotees of Lord Shiva. Impressed by their unwavering devotion, Lord Shiva granted them a boon to be invincible. However, the demon Daruka misused his powers and created havoc on Earth.
To restore balance and protect the world, Lord Shiva manifested as the Nageshwar Jyotirlinga, emerged as a towering column of light, and vanquished the demon Daruka. The temple’s location is believed to be the site where this divine intervention took place, cementing its historical and mythological significance.
Architectural Marvel and Sacred Rituals associated with Nageshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
The Nageshwar Temple showcases exquicent architectural craftsmanship, blending intricate carvings and vibrant beautiful sculptures. In the sanctum sanctorum holds the Nageshwar Linga, a self-manifested linga, which is a naturally formed oval-shaped stone believed to embody Lord Shiva’s presence.
Devotees gather to the Nageshwar Temple to seek the blessings of Lord Shiva and participate in sacred rituals. The Maha Rudra Abhishekam, is performed with great devotion, where milk, water, and flowers are poured over the lingam. The chanting of name of lord shiva and the resonating sounds of bells and conches create an atmosphere charged with spiritual calmness.
Pilgrimage and Spiritual Significance of Nageshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
Pilgrims from far and wide landscapes of India and the world takes the spiritual journey to the Nageshwar Temple, seeking solace, divine blessings, and spiritual awakening. The temple radiates a calming aura, inviting devotees to immerse themselves in deep contemplation and connect with the divine essence of Lord Shiva.
Devotees believe that worshiping at the Nageshwar Temple grants liberation from the cycle of birth and death, bringing inner transformation and spiritual enlightenment.
Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga Temple: Pune, Maharashtra The Divine Jyotirlinga of Lord Shiva – Manifestation of Strength and Serenity
Introduction about Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga Temple:
Situated in the mid of the scenic Sahyadri Mountains of Maharashtra, the Bhimashankar Temple stands as one of the 12 Jyotirlinga dedicated to Lord Shiva. Known for its mesmerizing natural beauty and spiritual aura, this sacred abode holds deep significance for devotees seeking the divine blessings of Lord Shiva.
Mythological Legends and Significance of Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga Temple:
The Bhimashankar Temple derives its name from the ancient mythological tale associated with Lord Shiva’s incarnation as Bhima, known for his immense strength. According to legend, Lord Shiva appeared in the form of a fierce and majestic Jyotirlinga to vanquish the demon Tripurasura, who threatened peace and harmony in the universe. The temple’s location is believed to be the spot where Lord Shiva manifested his divine presence to protect and restore cosmic order.
Architectural Marvel and Sacred Surroundings of Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga Temple:
The Bhimashankar Temple stands as an architectural marvel, blending traditional Nagara-style and Hemadpanti architectural elements. The temple’s intricate carvings, ornate pillars, and exquisite sculptures create a mesmerizing visuals, transporting devotees into a realm of divinity and soulfullness.
Surrounded by lush greenery and cascading waterfalls, the temple is nestled in the Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, providing a serene backdrop for spiritual awakening. The natural splendor and serene atmosphere further enhance the spiritual experience for pilgrims and seekers.
The Sacred Rituals of Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga Temple:
The sanctum sanctorum of the Bhimashankar Temple houses the revered Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga, representing Lord Shiva’s supreme cosmic energy. The linga is adorned with intricate jewelry and offerings.
Devotees engage in various rituals and prayers at the temple to seek the blessings and divine grace of Lord Shiva. The rhythmic chants of Vedic hymns, the fragrance of agarbatti and Dhoopam or Dhoop, and the resonating sounds of bells create an atmosphere charged with spiritual upliftment. The Abhishekam, the ceremonial bath of the linga with holy water, milk, and sacred substances, is performed with utmost devotion, symbolizing the purification of the devotee’s mind, body, and soul.
Pilgrimage and Spiritual Essence of Bhimashankar Jyotirlinga Temple:
The Bhimashankar Temple attracts devotees from far and wide, who embark on a sacred pilgrimage to seek spiritual solace and enlightenment. The serene surroundings and the divine energy permeating the temple inspire a deep sense of devotion and reverence.
The pilgrimage to Bhimashankar is not only a physical journey but also an inner transformation. The spiritual vibrations and the divine presence of Lord Shiva help seekers attain inner peace, dissolve worldly attachments, and experience the profound connection between the self and the supreme consciousness.
Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga Temple: Nashik, Maharashtra The Sacred Abode of Lord Shiva – The Source of the Sacred Godavari River
Introduction of Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
Located in the beautiful town of Trimbak in Maharashtra, the Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga Temple holds immense spiritual significance as one of the 12 revered Jyotirlingas dedicated to Lord Shiva. Known as the “Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga,” this divine sanctuary not only represents the presence of Lord Shiva but also serves as the originating point of the sacred Godavari River. Let us embark on a spiritual journey to explore the ancient legends, architectural splendor, and the profound spiritual essence surrounding the Trimbakeshwar Temple.
Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga Temple: Nashik, Maharashtra: Photo Credits Wikipedia
Mythological Legends and Sacred Origins of Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
The Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga Temple is steeped in ancient mythology and legends. According to one popular belief, the sacred Godavari River is said to originate from a reservoir called the “Kushavarta Kund” located within the temple complex. It is believed that Lord Shiva himself released the Ganges River from his matted locks, which then flowed down to earth as the Godavari River, bestowing divine blessings upon the land.
The temple’s origin dates back to the ancient times, and its significance finds mention in sacred scriptures such as the Skanda Purana and the Shivapuran. Legends also narrate how Lord Shiva, in the form of Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga, granted salvation to countless devotees who sought spiritual liberation.
Architectural Marvel and Sacred Rituals related to Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
The Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga Temple stands as an architectural masterpiece, reflecting the Indo-Aryan style of architecture. The temple’s elaborate entrance, intricately carved walls, and ornate spires create a captivating sight for devotees and visitors. The sanctum sanctorum houses the revered Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga, which is believed to possess immense spiritual power and radiate divine energy.
Devotees flock from all over the world to the Trimbakeshwar Temple to engage in various rituals and seek the blessings of Lord Shiva. The Rudra-bhishek, a ceremonial bath of the linga with sacred substances like milk, water, honey, and sandalwood paste, is performed with deep reverence and devotion. The temple resonates with the enchanting sounds of Vedic chants, hymns, and prayers, creating an atmosphere charged with spiritual fervor.
Pilgrimage and Spiritual Significance of Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
The Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga Temple holds a special place in the hearts of pilgrims who undertake a sacred journey to seek spiritual solace and divine blessings. The temple’s serene surroundings, located between the lush greenery of the Brahmagiri Hills, provide a breath taking environment for introspection and contemplation.
Devotees believe that visiting the Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga Temple, taking a dip in the holy Kushavarta Kund, and offering prayers with utmost devotion can purify one’s soul and wash away sins. The pilgrimage to Trimbakeshwar is not only a physical endeavor but also a spiritual quest to experience the divine presence of Lord Shiva, leading to spiritual awakening and inner transformation.
Grishneshwar Jyotirlinga Temple: Aurangabad, Maharashtra The Sacred Abode of Lord Shiva – Gateway to Divine Healing and Blessings
Introduction about Grishneshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
Nestled in the serene town of Verul, Maharashtra, the Grishneshwar Jyotirlinga Temple stands as one of the 12 revered Jyotirlinga dedicated to Lord Shiva. Known as the “Grishneshwar Jyotirlinga,” this ancient and sacred temple holds immense spiritual significance for devotees seeking divine healing, blessings, and spiritual upliftment. Let us embark on a spiritual journey to uncover the mystical legends, architectural splendor, and the profound spiritual essence surrounding the Grishneshwar Temple.
Image Source: myoksha.com
Mythological Legends and Divine Miracles related to Grishneshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
The Grishneshwar Jyotirlinga Temple is intertwined with captivating mythological legends that depict Lord Shiva’s divine grace and miraculous interventions. One popular legend tells the tale of a devout woman named Kusuma, who was childless and yearned for a child. Impressed by her unwavering devotion, Lord Shiva blessed her with a son at the Grishneshwar Temple. This divine intervention earned the temple its name, as “Grishneshwar” translates to “Lord of Compassion.”
Legends also narrate how Lord Shiva bestowed divine healing and restored the health of devotees who sought solace and liberation at the temple. The sacred space of Grishneshwar Jyotirlinga Temple is believed to be a powerful conduit for experiencing divine grace and blessings.
Architectural Marvel and Sacred Atmosphere of Grishneshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
The Grishneshwar Temple stands as a testimony to magnificent architectural work. The temple showcases beautiful delicate carvings, sculptured walls, and beautifully adorned spires that reflect the grandeur of ancient Indian temple architecture. The sanctum sanctorum houses the revered Grishneshwar Jyotirlinga, emmiting an aura of divinity and tranquility.
The temple’s serene atmosphere, adorned with fragrant flowers and resonating with Vedic chants, creates a sacred ambiance that invites devotees to surrender their minds and hearts to Lord Shiva. The divine energy permeating the temple’s surroundings instills a deep sense of devotion and reverence in the hearts of the seekers.
Pilgrimage and Spiritual Significance of Grishneshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
Pilgrims from far and wide undertake a sacred journey to the Grishneshwar Jyotirlinga Temple, seeking divine blessings, spiritual solace, and liberation from worldly afflictions. Devotees believe that worshiping at this sacred abode can bestow prosperity, peace, and fulfillment in their lives.
The temple serves as a spiritual gateway for inner healing, where devotees can offer prayers, perform rituals, and seek divine guidance. The recitation of ancient Vedic mantras and hymns creates an atmosphere charged with spiritual vibrations, facilitating a profound connection between the individual soul and the supreme consciousness.
Baidyanath Jyotirlinga Temple: Deoghar, Jharkhand The Divine Abode of Lord Shiva – The Epitome of Healing and Well-being
Introduction of Baidyanath Jyotirlinga Temple:
Nestled in the ancient city of Deoghar in Jharkhand, the Baidyanath Jyotirlinga Temple stands as one of the 12 Jyotirlingas dedicated to Lord Shiva. Known as the “Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga,” this sacred pilgrimage site holds deep spiritual significance as the abode of Lord Shiva, the divine healer and healer of health and well-being. Let us embark on a spiritual journey to unravel the captivating legends, architectural marvels, and the profound spiritual essence surrounding the Baidyanath Temple.
Mythological Legends and Healing Grace of Baidyanath Jyotirlinga Temple:
The Baidyanath Jyotirlinga Temple is steeped in mythological legends that depict Lord Shiva’s role as the divine healer. According to ancient scriptures, Lord Shiva assumed the form of Baidyanath (the Divine Physician) to heal and protect the sufferings of humanity. It is believed that worshiping Lord Shiva in this form at the Baidyanath Jyotirlinga Temple can restore divine healing, cure ailments, and restore overall well-being.
Legends also narrate how Lord Ravana, the mythical demon king, undertook a rigorous penance to seek Lord Shiva’s blessings at this sacred site. Impressed by his devotion, Lord Shiva granted Ravana a divine linga, which later became the Baidyanath Jyotirlinga, symbolizing the eternal healing power of the divine.
Architectural Splendor and Sacred Atmosphere of Baidyanath Jyotirlinga Temple:
The Baidyanath Jyotirlinga Temple showcases exquisite architectural work, blending traditional North Indian and Mughal architectural styles. The temple complex features intricately carved walls, majestic domes, and beautifully adorned spires, all symbolizing the grandeur of divine presence.
Upon entering the temple, devotees are greeted by a serene and sacred atmosphere, resonating with the echoes of devotional chants and prayers. The sanctum sanctorum houses the revered Baidyanath Jyotirlinga, radiating a divine aura that instills hope, faith, and healing energy in the hearts of devotees.
Rituals and Divine Offerings for Baidyanath Jyotirlinga Temple:
Devotees engage in various rituals and offerings at the baidyanath Jyotirlinga Temple to seek divine healing and well-being. The holy water from the Ganges River, also known as “jalabhishek,” is poured over the linga as a symbol of purification and the healing grace of Lord Shiva. Devotees also offer bilva leaves, flowers, and sacred chants to express their devotion and seek blessings for good health.
Pilgrimage and Spiritual Significance of Baidyanath Jyotirlinga Temple:
The pilgrimage to the Baidyanath Jyotirlinga Temple holds immense significance for devotees seeking healing, both physical and spiritual. It is believed that sincere prayers and offerings at this sacred abode can remove obstacles, and bring about complete well-being.
The spiritual journey to the Baidyanath Jyotirlinga Temple allows devotees to deepen their connection with Lord Shiva as the ultimate healer and experience profound inner transformation. The serene surroundings and the divine energy of the temple serve as a catalyst for spiritual growth, healing, and self-realization.
Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga Temple: Ujjain, Madhya pradesh The Majestic Abode of Lord Shiva – The Eternal Protector and Destroyer of Time
Introduction of Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga:
Situated on the banks of the holy Kshipra River in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, the Mahakaleshwar Temple stands as one of the 12 Jyotirlingas dedicated to Lord Shiva. Known as the “Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga,” this ancient and sacred temple holds immense spiritual significance as the abode of Lord Shiva, the eternal protector and destroyer of time. Let us embark on a divine journey to explore the rich history, mystical legends, and the profound spiritual essence surrounding the Mahakaleshwar Temple.
Mythological Legends and Timeless Grace of Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga:
The Mahakaleshwar Temple is steeped in captivating mythological legends that depict the awe-inspiring power and grace of Lord Shiva. According to ancient scriptures, Lord Shiva manifested in the form of Mahakaleshwar to protect the universe from evil forces and restore cosmic balance. It is believed that worshipping Mahakaleshwar at this sacred abode can grant liberation from the cycle of birth and death, symbolizing the eternal nature of time and the transcendence of worldly attachments.
Legends also narrate how the Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga temple witnessed numerous divine interventions and miraculous occurrences, amplifying the god’s presence and compassionate blessings of Lord Shiva. Devotees believe that Mahakaleshwar’s grace can bestow divine protection, spiritual awakening, and liberation from worldly illusions.
The Battle between Lord Shiva and Lord Yama:
A legend associated with the Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga involves a fierce battle between Lord Shiva and Lord Yama, the god of death. It is believed that the ruler of Ujjain, Raja Chandrasena, once unknowingly disturbed a sage named Vriddhakar and his consort. In anger, the sage cursed the king with a deadly disease. In order to save the king, his wife, Queen Madhavi, performed intense penance to seek Lord Shiva’s intervention. Pleased with her devotion, Lord Shiva appeared and defeated Lord Yama, thus liberating the king from the curse. This event is believed to have occurred at the present site of the Mahakaleshwar temple.
The King Vikramaditya’s Association with Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
King Vikramaditya, a legendary ruler, is said to have played a significant role in the history of the Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga. It is believed that he renovated and expanded the temple during his reign. He was a devout worshipper of Lord Shiva and made significant contributions to the temple’s development, making it one of the most prominent pilgrimage sites in India.
Architectural Splendor and Sacred Rituals associated with Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga:
The Mahakaleshwar Temple showcases beautiful architecture, with its towering spires, intricately carved walls, and majestic entrance gateways. The temple’s distinct Bhumija and Maru-Gurjara architectural styles reflect the rich cultural heritage of the region. The sanctum sanctorum houses the revered Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga, radiating a divine aura that mesmerizes devotees with its timeless presence.
Devotees flock to the temple to partake in sacred rituals and seek blessings from Mahakaleshwar. The Bhasma Aarti, a unique ritual where the deity is adorned with sacred ash, is performed daily in the early morning hours, creating a mystical atmosphere filled with devotion and reverence. The divine chants, hymns, and prayers reverberate through the temple, creating an environment charged with spiritual energy and devotion.
Pilgrimage and Spiritual Significance of Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
The pilgrimage to the Mahakaleshwar Temple holds immense spiritual significance for devotees seeking divine grace, protection, and liberation. The temple serves as a gateway to profound spiritual experiences and inner transformation. It is believed that a visit to the temple and sincere devotion can help seekers transcend the limitations of time and attain spiritual enlightenment.
The sacred city of Ujjain, with its association with Lord Shiva and its historical and cultural heritage, further adds to the spiritual significance of the Mahakaleshwar Temple. Pilgrims from far and wide undertake the journey to seek Mahakaleshwar’s blessings, immerse themselves in the divine vibrations, and connect with the eternal essence of Lord Shiva.
Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga Temple: The Sacred Confluence of Devotion and Divinity – Uniting the Divine Energies of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati
Introduction of Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
Nestled on the serene island of Mandhata in the Narmada River, Madhya Pradesh, the Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga Temple stands as a revered pilgrimage site dedicated to Lord Shiva. Known as the “Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga,” this ancient temple holds immense spiritual significance as the abode of Lord Shiva, the supreme consciousness, and represents the cosmic union of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. Let us embark on a spiritual journey to discover the captivating legends, architectural marvels, and the profound spiritual essence surrounding the Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga Temple.
Legends and Divine Confluence of Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
The Omkareshwar Temple is enshrined with captivating legends that depict the divine confluence of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. According to ancient scriptures, it is believed that Lord Shiva assumed the form of Omkareshwar (the Lord of Omkara) to appease the gods and goddesses and seek their blessings. The temple represents the eternal bond between Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati, symbolizing the harmonious blending of masculine and feminine energies, creation, and dissolution.
The sacred island of Omkareshwar is said to resemble the shape of the sacred syllable “Om,” representing the cosmic vibration and the primordial sound of the universe. It is believed that chanting the sacred sound of “Om” in the vicinity of the temple enhances spiritual vibrations and leads to self-realization.
The Legend of Vindhya Mountains:
According to Hindu mythology, there was once a rivalry between the Vindhya Mountains and the Mount Meru, both of whom were seeking supremacy. In their quest for dominance, the Vindhya Mountains performed severe penance to please Lord Shiva. Pleased with their devotion, Lord Shiva appeared before them and granted their wish to be known as Omkareshwar, the divine form of Lord Shiva himself. The temple derives its name from this legend.
The Tale of King Mandhata:
The island on which the Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga Temple is situated is believed to be named after King Mandhata, an ancient ruler mentioned in Hindu scriptures. It is said that King Mandhata undertook a rigorous penance and worshiped Lord Shiva on this island, seeking his blessings and guidance. Lord Shiva was pleased with his devotion and granted him a boon, making the island sacred and declaring it as his abode.
The Divine Confluence of the Narmada and Kaveri Rivers:
One of the unique features of the Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga Temple is its location at the confluence of the Narmada and Kaveri rivers. This confluence, known as the “Mamaleshwar Sangam,” is considered highly auspicious and is believed to possess immense spiritual energy. It is believed that taking a holy dip at this sacred confluence can cleanse sins and bestow blessings upon devotees.
The Miraculous Appearance of the Lingam:
Another legend associated with the temple tells the story of a devotee named Mandhata. He was an ardent follower of Lord Shiva but was childless. In his prayers, he pleaded for a child. Pleased with his devotion, Lord Shiva appeared before him and granted his wish. Lord Shiva transformed himself into a Jyotirlinga and blessed Mandhata. This divine lingam is believed to be enshrined in the Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga Temple.
Architectural Splendor and Sacred Significance of Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
The Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga Temple showcases exquisite architectural splendor, combining the Nagara and Dravidian architectural styles. The temple complex features intricately carved walls, magnificent spires, and ornate gateways, reflecting the grandeur of Indian temple architecture. The sanctum sanctorum houses the revered Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga, radiating an aura of divine energy and profound spirituality.
The sacred Narmada River flows around the island, forming two distinct hills, symbolizing the sacred presence of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. Devotees undertake a parikrama (circumambulation) of the island, offering prayers and seeking blessings from the divine couple. The spiritual ambiance of the temple, coupled with the soothing sounds of the flowing river, creates a serene and sacred atmosphere for devotees to connect with the divine energies.
Pilgrimage and Spiritual Significance of Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga Temple:
The pilgrimage to the Omkareshwar Temple holds immense spiritual significance for devotees seeking divine blessings, spiritual awakening, and liberation. It is believed that sincere devotion and offerings at this sacred abode can bestow inner peace, harmony, and divine grace.
The island of Omkareshwar is considered one of the holiest sites in Hinduism, attracting pilgrims from far and wide. Devotees undertake rigorous penance, perform sacred rituals, and participate in religious festivals to deepen their connection with Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. The annual festival of Mahashivratri is celebrated with great fervor, where devotees engage in night-long prayers and immerse themselves in devotion and spiritual practices.
Kashi Vishwanath Temple: The Sacred Abode of Lord Shiva in the Spiritual Capital of India
Introduction of Kashi Vishwanath Jyotirlinga Temple:
On the banks of the sacred river Ganges in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, Kashi Vishwanath Temple stands as one of the 12 Jyotirlingas dedicated to Lord Shiva. Recognized as the “Kashi Vishwanath Jyotirlinga,” this venerable temple carries immense spiritual weight as the dwelling of Lord Shiva, the supreme luminary and cosmic pillar of light. Let us embark on a spiritual sojourn to unravel the deep-seated history, intriguing myths, and the overwhelming spiritual ambiance that envelops the Kashi Vishwanath Temple.
Mythological Legends and the Spiritual Legacy of Kashi Vishwanath Jyotirlinga Temple:
Kashi Vishwanath Temple is immersed in profound mythological tales that express the extraordinary power and grace of Lord Shiva. Ancient scriptures narrate that Lord Shiva manifested as Kashi Vishwanath to illuminate the universe with divine wisdom and light. Devotees believe that worshipping Kashi Vishwanath at this hallowed site can grant liberation from the cycle of life and death, signifying the transcendence of earthly attachments and realization of ultimate truth.
Kashi Vishwanath Temple has witnessed numerous divine manifestations and miraculous happenings, strengthening the devotees’ faith and reinforcing the ceaseless blessings of Lord Shiva. It’s believed that Vishwanath’s benevolence can confer divine protection, spiritual enlightenment, and liberation from materialistic illusions.
The Legend of Lord Shiva and the City of Light:
One prominent legend associated with the Kashi Vishwanath Jyotirlinga involves Lord Shiva and the mystical city of light, Varanasi. It is said that Varanasi is the divine city of Lord Shiva and the center of spiritual wisdom. Shiva resided here and his potent light emanated, piercing through ignorance and darkness. The divine lighthouse, known as Vishwanath, is believed to have manifested in the place where the Kashi Vishwanath temple stands today.
Association of King Harishchandra with Kashi Vishwanath Jyotirlinga Temple:
King Harishchandra, a legendary ruler known for his honesty and integrity, is said to have been closely associated with the Kashi Vishwanath Jyotirlinga. His story is a testament to the divine powers of the temple. Harishchandra was blessed by Lord Shiva after enduring many trials and tribulations, reinforcing the spiritual importance of Kashi Vishwanath temple as a place that grants divine blessings and transformation.
Architectural Grandeur and Sacred Rituals of Kashi Vishwanath Jyotirlinga Temple:
Kashi Vishwanath Temple exhibits architectural grandeur with its towering spires, exquisitely sculpted walls, and magnificent entrance gateways. The temple’s sanctum sanctorum houses the revered Kashi Vishwanath Jyotirlinga, which exudes a divine aura that spellbinds devotees with its ever-present radiance.
Devotees visit the temple in droves to participate in sacred rituals and seek blessings from Kashi Vishwanath. The Ganga Aarti, a spiritual ritual that pays homage to the holy Ganges river, takes place every day, creating an ethereal ambiance filled with devotion and reverence. The divine chants, hymns, and prayers echo through the temple, enhancing its spiritual vitality and devotion.
Pilgrimage and Spiritual Significance of Kashi Vishwanath Jyotirlinga Temple:
The pilgrimage to Kashi Vishwanath Temple holds immense spiritual importance for devotees seeking divine grace, protection, and liberation. The temple serves as a doorway to profound spiritual experiences and inner transformation. It is believed that a visit to the temple and earnest devotion can help individuals transcend worldly limitations and attain spiritual enlightenment.
Varanasi, with its historical and cultural heritage associated with Lord Shiva, further adds to the spiritual significance of the Kashi Vishwanath Temple. Pilgrims from various corners of the world undertake the journey to seek Vishwanath’s blessings, immerse themselves in divine vibrations, and connect with the eternal essence of Lord Shiva.
Kedarnath Jyotirlinga Temple: A Sacred Himalayan Abode of Lord Shiva’s Divine Presence
Introduction of Kedarnath Temple:
Nestled in the lofty Himalayan peaks in Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand, the Kedarnath Temple stands as one of the most sacred pilgrimage destinations for Hindus. Known as one of the 12 Jyotirlinga, Kedarnath Temple holds immense spiritual significance as the divine abode of Lord Shiva, often depicted as the transformative force of the universe. As we begin our spiritual journey, let’s delve into the rich history, enthralling legends, and the profound spiritual essence encompassing the Kedarnath Temple.
Enthralling Legends and Divine Aura of Kedarnath jyotirlingaTemple:
Steeped in awe-inspiring legends and ancient mythology, Kedarnath Jyotirlinga Temple symbolizes the omnipotent and merciful nature of Lord Shiva. As per the legends, the Pandavas, after the great Mahabharata war, sought Lord Shiva’s blessings for redemption from the sins committed during the war. Lord Shiva, disguised as a bull, took refuge in Kedarnath to evade the Pandavas. However, when Bhima, one of the Pandavas, tried to hold the bull by its tail and hind legs, it sank into the ground, leaving behind the hump on the surface. This conical projection is worshipped as the idol in the Kedarnath temple.
Another fascinating tale associated with Kedarnath Temple involves the construction of the temple. It is believed that the temple was initially built by the Pandavas, and later, Adi Shankaracharya, the great 8th-century philosopher and reformist, refurbished the current temple.
Adi Shankaracharya’s Samadhi near Kedarnath Jyotirlinga Temple:
Near the Kedarnath temple, one can find the Samadhi or the final resting place of Adi Shankaracharya. It is believed that Shankaracharya took Samadhi at the young age of 32 after establishing the four ‘mathas’ in the four corners of India. The Samadhi site pays tribute to his remarkable contribution to Hindu philosophy and spirituality.
Architectural Grandeur and Sacred Rituals of Kedarnath Jyotirlinga Temple:
Constructed in a traditional Himalayan architectural style, the Kedarnath Temple showcases intricate carvings and stone-work. The structure is made of large, heavy, and evenly cut grey slabs of stones, bearing the harsh weather conditions of the region.
The sanctum sanctorum houses the revered Shiva Linga, which is worshipped as the hump of Lord Shiva in his bull form. The temple’s spiritual ambiance and serene surroundings, coupled with the enchanting chants and hymns, create an environment filled with spiritual energy and divine blessings.
Pilgrimage and Spiritual Significance of Kedarnath Jyotirlinga Temple:
The pilgrimage to Kedarnath Temple is considered an arduous journey, as it involves trekking through challenging terrains, enduring harsh weather conditions, and overcoming physical and mental barriers. Yet, this journey is believed to be a spiritually transforming experience, signifying the human soul’s journey toward divine enlightenment.
Kedarnath is also part of the Chota Char Dham Yatra in Uttarakhand, which includes Yamunotri, Gangotri, and Badrinath. Undertaking this pilgrimage is considered a path to attain salvation or Moksha in Hinduism.
With its breathtakingly beautiful surroundings, the temple not only offers a spiritual retreat but also a chance to connect with nature. The mesmerizing views of the snow-clad Himalayas, the cascading river Mandakini, and the lush green forests, all add to the divine and serene experience that Kedarnath Temple offers.
Whether it’s the devout pilgrim seeking divine blessings or the passionate traveler intrigued by India’s rich cultural heritage and history, Kedarnath Temple stands as a symbol of spiritual enlightenment, resilience, and eternal devotion to the divine.
Rameshwaram Jyotirlinga Temple: A Sacred Pilgrimage to the Southern Abode of Lord Shiva
Introduction to Rameshwaram Jyotirlinga Temple:
Situated on the peaceful island of Rameshwaram, off the southeastern coast of Tamil Nadu, the Rameshwaram Temple, also known as Ramanathaswamy Temple, is a celebrated pilgrimage destination revered by Hindus worldwide. The temple venerates Lord Shiva and forms part of the sacred Char Dham pilgrimage, showcasing the diverse spiritual culture and architectural brilliance of India. Let’s embark on this spiritual sojourn, exploring the captivating history, fascinating legends, and the profound spiritual charm of Rameshwaram Temple.
Enchanting Legends and Holy Significance of Rameshwaram Temple:
Rameshwaram Temple is enshrined with engrossing myths and legends from the epic Ramayana. According to mythology, it’s the place where Lord Rama, along with his wife Sita and brother Lakshmana, constructed a bridge across the sea to Lanka to rescue Sita from the demon king Ravana.
Before launching the final battle against Ravana, Lord Rama wished to seek blessings from Lord Shiva. To this end, he asked Lord Hanuman to bring a Shiva Lingam from the Himalayas. However, when Hanuman was delayed, Sita made a Lingam out of the sand. This Lingam, called Ramalingam, is the main deity worshipped in the temple.
Lord Rama sanctified this place by worshipping Lord Shiva here, which has since been a sacred spot of worship, and hence, the name Rameshwaram (meaning “Lord of Rama” in Sanskrit).
Architectural Brilliance and Sacred Rituals of Rameshwaram Temple:
The Rameshwaram Temple exhibits the magnificent Dravidian style of architecture with intricately carved granite pillars, towering gopurams (temple towers), and expansive corridors. Notably, the temple boasts the world’s longest corridor among all Hindu temples. The corridor is adorned with around 1212 pillars, each elegantly designed and finely sculpted.
Ritualistic practices at the temple include a ceremonial bath in the 22 holy wells or ‘theerthams’ within the temple precincts, each believed to have medicinal properties. The act of bathing in these theerthams is considered to purify the devotee from sins and afflictions.
Pilgrimage and Spiritual Significance of Rameshwaram Temple:
Rameshwaram Temple holds a vital place in Hinduism, being a part of the Char Dham pilgrimage, alongside Badrinath, Puri, and Dwarka. It is also associated with the Pancha Bhoota Stalam and Jyotirlinga, two important pilgrimage circuits of the Shaivites.
Moreover, Rameshwaram plays a pivotal role in the Sethu Yathra, a religious journey associated with performing last rites and rituals. It is believed that performing these rituals here brings peace to the souls of the ancestors.
Rameshwaram, with its serene beaches, vast ocean expanse, and the omnipresent spiritual tranquility, provides a unique blend of divine and natural beauty. The holistic environment, coupled with the echoing chants and hymns, fills the atmosphere with peace, mysticism, and spiritual fervor.
Rameshwaram Temple stands as a beacon of faith, spirituality, and devotion. Its sacred ambience and architectural splendour continue to enchant pilgrims and travelers alike, casting an everlasting impression on those who venture to this divine island city.
Mallikarjuna Temple: The Sacred Abode of Lord Shiva and Devi Parvati
Introduction to Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga:
Situated in the picturesque town of Srisailam on the lush Nallamala Hills in Andhra Pradesh, the Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga, also known as Srisailam Temple, is a cherished pilgrimage destination, venerated by devotees across the globe. This ancient temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and forms a crucial part of the 12 Jyotirlinga pilgrimage in India. Let us journey into the entrancing world of Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga and delve into its riveting history, enthralling legends, and profound spiritual aura.
Captivating Legends and Divine Significance of Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga:
The enchanting lore of Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga originates from ancient Hindu scriptures. According to legend, Lord Ganesha was married before his brother Kartikeya, which upset the latter. Kartikeya left for the Kraunch Mountain in a huff. To pacify him, Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati assumed the forms of Mallikarjuna and Bhramaramba respectively and resided on the Srisailam Mountain.
The Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga is thus the form of Lord Shiva that resides eternally on the Srisailam Mountain. The temple also houses the Bhramaramba Devi, one of the eighteen Maha Shakti Peethas, making it a unique temple where both a Jyotirlinga and a Shakti Peetha can be worshipped together.
Architectural Grandeur and Sacred Rituals at Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga:
The temple is an epitome of the Vijayanagara architectural style, boasting intricately carved stone pillars, resplendent gopurams (temple towers), and an expansive courtyard. The main sanctum sanctorum houses the Jyotirlinga, worshipped as Mallikarjuna, and the shrine of Goddess Bhramaramba.
Devotees engage in various religious practices like Abhishekam, Archana, and Aarti, with profound devotion and reverence. Special rituals are conducted during festivals like Maha Shivaratri, Navaratri, and Karthika Pournami, attracting a multitude of pilgrims.
Pilgrimage and Spiritual Significance of Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga:
Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga is not only part of the revered Jyotirlinga pilgrimage but also an essential stop in the Shakti Peetha, Pancharama Kshetras, and Astadasa Shakti Peethas circuits.
The serene natural surroundings, the calming chants reverberating in the air, and the spiritual energy that permeates the atmosphere makes Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga a spiritual haven. The divine vibes of the temple bestow peace upon the minds of the devotees, inspiring a sense of spiritual liberation and inner tranquility.
Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga stands as a profound testament to India’s rich spiritual heritage, its enigmatic myths, and architectural brilliance. The temple continues to lure pilgrims and tourists with its mesmerizing blend of divinity, serene ambience, and ethereal beauty, imparting an ineffable sense of peace and spirituality.
In Conclusion:
The 12 Jyotirlingas of India stand as profound pillars of the country’s profound spiritual history, reflecting the indelible footprints of divine energy of lord shiva, spread across its sacred landscape. Each Jyotirlinga, uniquely stands strong in different parts of India, ranging from the bustling cities to the tranquil mountains, narrates tales of divine interventions, ancient traditions, and enchanting legends. They echo the celestial tunes of spirituality, speaking volumes about India’s rich mythology, deep-rooted faith, and grand architectural splendor.
From the snow-clad peaks sheltering Kedarnath to the coastal tranquility of Rameshwaram, the deep forests of Srisailam hosting Mallikarjuna to the vibrant city of Varanasi reverberating with the energy of Vishwanath, each of these 12 Jyotirlingas offers a distinct spiritual experience. Each temple serves as a beacon of peace and spiritual awakening, attracting seekers from all walks of life. They offer solace, inspiration, and a profound sense of connection with the divine.
The spiritual journey across these 12 Jyotirlingas is not just a pilgrimage, but an expedition that instills serenity, invigorates the soul, and elevates one’s consciousness. It is a pilgrimage that offers a deeper understanding of India’s spiritual heritage, allows one to delve into the essence of devotion, and leaves one with an indelible imprint of divinity on their hearts.
The spiritual saga of the 12 Jyotirlingas thus unfolds, guiding seekers through the path of divine enlightenment and the eternal cosmic dance of creation, preservation, and dissolution. The aura of these sanctums continues to illuminate the spiritual paths of countless devotees, kindling in their hearts the eternal flame of faith, devotion, and spiritual bliss.
The Garuda Purana is one of the Vishnu Puranas. It is essentially a dialogue between Lord Vishnu and Garuda, the king of birds. The Garuda Purana deals with the particular issues of Hindu Philosophy connected with death, funeral rites and the metaphysics of reincarnation. One might find often that the Sanskrit word ‘Naraka’ is taken to be “hell” in most English translations of Indian texts. The Hindu concept of “Heaven and “Hell” are not quite the same as what we imagine them to be in popular culture today. The western concepts of Hell and Heaven roughly correspond to the Hindu equivalent of “intermediate states between birth and rebirth”. One chapter of the text deals with the nature of punishment that is prescribed for sinners of the extreme kind that inhabit middle earth.
Sculpture of Garuda
These are all the deadly punishments mentioned in the text (called “The Torments of Yama”):
1.Tamisram (Heavy flogging) – Those who rob others of their wealth are bound with ropes by Yama’s Servants and cast into the Naraka known as Tamisram. There, they are given a thrashing until they bleed and faint. When they recover their senses, the beating is repeated. This is done until their time is up.
2. Andhatamtrsam (Flogging) – This Hell is reserved for the Husband or the Wife who only treat their spouses well when they are to profit or pleasure to them. Those who forsake their wives and husbands for no apparent reasons are also sent here. The punishment is almost the same as Tamisram, but the excruciating pain, suffered by the victims on being tied fast, makes them fall down senseless.
3.Rauravam (torment of snakes) – This is the hell for sinners who seize and enjoy another man’s property or resources. When these people are thrown into this hell, those whom they have cheated, assume the the shape of “Ruru”, a dreadful serpent. The serpent(s) will torment them severely until their time is up.
4. Mahararuravam (death by snakes) – Here there is also Ruru serpents but more fiercer. Those who deny the legitimate heirs, their inheritance and possess and enjoy others property will be squeezed and bitten non stop by this terrible serpents coiling around them. Those who steal another man’s wife or lover will also be thrown here.
5. Kumbhipakam (cooked by oil) – This is the hell for those who kill animals for pleasure. Here oil is kept boiled in huge vessels and sinners are plunged in this vessels.
6. Kalasutram (Hot as hell) – This hell is terribly hot. Those who don’t respect their elders esp. when their elders have done their duties are sent here. Here they are made to run around in this unbearable heat and drop down exhausted from time to time.
7. Asitapatram (sharp flogging) – This is the hell in which sinners abandon one’s own duty. They are flogged by Yama’s Servants with whips made of asipatra (sharp-edged sword-shaped leaves). If they run about under the flogging, they will trip over the stones and thorns, to fall on their faces. Then they are stabbed with knives until they drop unconscious, When they recover, the same process is repeated until their time is up in this Naraka.
8. Sukaramukham (Crushed and tormented) – Rulers who neglect their duties and oppress their subjects by misrule, are punished in this hell. They are crushed to a pulp by heavy beating.When they recover, it is repeated until their time is up.
9. Andhakupam (Attack of the animals) – This is hell for those who oppress the good people and not helping them if requested despite having the resources. They will be pushed into a well, where beasts like Lions, tigers, eagles and venomous creatures like snakes and scorpions. The sinners have to endure the constant attacks of this creatures until the expiry of the period of their punishment.
10. Taptamurti( Burnt Alive) – Those who plunder or steal Gold and jewels are cast into the furnaces of this Naraka which always remains hot in blazing fire.
11. Krimibhojanam (Food for worms)– Those who do not honour their Guests and make use of men or women only for their own gain, are thrown into this Naraka. Worms, insects and serpents eat them alive. Once their bodies are completely eaten up, the sinners are provided with new bodies, which are also eaten up in the above manner. This continues, till the end of their term of punishment.
12. Salmali (Embracing hot images)-This Naraka is intended for men and women who have committed adultery. A figure made of iron, heated red-hot is placed there. The sinner is forced to embrace it, while Yama’s servants flog the victim behind.
13. Vajrakantakasali-(Embracing sharp images) – This Naraka is the punishment for Sinners who have unnatural intercourse with animals. Here, they are made to embrace iron images full of sharp diamond needles that pierce through their bodies.
14. Vaitarani (River of Filth) – Rulers who abuse their power and adulterers are thrown here. It is the most terrible place of punishment. It is a river which is filled with human excreta, blood, hair, bones, nails, flesh and all kinds of dirty substances. There are various kinds of terrible beasts as well. Those who are cast into it are attacked and mauled by these creatures from all sides. The sinners have to spend the term of their punishment, feeding upon the contents of this river.
15. Puyodakam (Well of hell)– This is a well filled with excreta, urine, blood, phlegm. Men who have intercourse and cheat women with no intention of marrying them are considered like animals. Those who wander about irresponsibly like animals are thrown in this well to get polluted by it’s contents. They are to remain here till their time is up.
16. Pranarodham (Piece by Piece)– This Naraka is for those who keep dogs and other mean animals and constantly hunt and kill animals for food. Here the servants of Yama, gather around the sinners and cut them limb to limb while subjecting them to constant insult.
17. Visasanam (Bashing from Clubs) – This Naraka is for the torture of those rich people who look down at the poor and spend excessively just to display their wealth and splendour. They have to remain here at the whole term of their punishment where they will be bashed non stop from heavy clubs from Yama’s Servants.
18. Lalabhaksam (River of semen)– This is the Naraka for lustful men. The lascivious fellow who makes his wife swallow his semen, is cast into this hell. Lalabhaksam is a sea of semen. The sinner lies in it, feeding upon semen alone until his period of punishment.
19. Sarameyasanam (Torment from dogs) – Those guilty of unsocial acts like poisoning food, mass slaughter, ruining the country are cast into this hell. There is nothing but the flesh of dogs for food. There are thousands of dogs in this Naraka and they attack the sinners and tear their flesh from their bodies with their teeth.
20. Avici (turned into dust) – This Naraka is for those who are guilty for false witness and false swearing. There are hurled from a great height and they are utterly smashed into dust when they reached the ground. They are again restored to life and the punishment is repeated till the end of their time.
21. Ayahpanam(Drinking of burning substances)– Those who consume alcohol and other intoxicating drinks are sent here. The women are forced to drink melted iron in liquid form, whereas the men will be forced to drink hot liquid molten lava for every time they consume a alcoholic drink in their earthly lives.
22. Raksobjaksam (Revenge attacks) – Those who do animal and human sacrifices and eat the flesh after the sacrifice will be thrown in this hell. All the living beings they killed before would be there and they will join together to attacking, biting, and mauling the sinners. Their cries and complaints would be no avail here.
23. Sulaprotam (Trident Torture) – People who take the lives of others who have done no harm to them and those who deceives others by treachery are sent to this “Sulaportam” hell. Here they are impaled on a trident and they are forced to spend their whole term of their punishment in that position, suffering intense hunger and thirst, as well as enduring all the tortures inflicted on them.
24. Ksharakardamam (hanged upside down) – Braggarts and those who insult good people are cast into this hell. Yama’s servants keep the sinners upside down and torture them in many ways.
25. Dandasukam (eaten alive) – Sinners who persecute others like animals will be sent here. There are many beasts here. They will be eaten alive by this beasts.
26. Vatarodham (weapon torture) – This hell is for those who persecute animals which live in forests, mountain peaks and trees. After throwing them in this hell, sinners are tortured with fire, poison and various weapons during their time here in this Naraka.
27. Paryavartanakam (torture from birds) – One who denies food to a hungry person and abuses him is thrown here. The moment the sinner arrives here ,his eyes are put by being pierced the beaks of birds like the crows and eagles. They will be pierced later on by this birds till the end of their punishment.
28. Sucimukham (Tortured by needles) – Proud and Miserly people who refuse to spend money even for the basic necessities of life, like better food or buying food for their relations or friends will find their place in this hell. Those who do not repay the money they have borrowed will also be cast into this hell. Here, their bodies will be constantly be pricked and pierced by needles.
“The Guruda Purana is in the form of instructions to Garuda by Vishnu. This deals with astronomy,medicine, grammar, and with the structure and qualities of diamonds. This Puranais dear to Vaishnavites. The latter half of this Purana deals withlife after death” Its a must read…
Upanishads and Vedas are two terms that are often confused as one and the same thing. Actually they are two different subjects for that matter. In fact Upanishads are parts of Vedas.
Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva are the four Vedas. A Veda is divided into four parts, namely, Samhita, Brahmana, Aranyaka and Upanishad. It can be seen from the division that Upanishad forms the last part of a given Veda. Since Upanishad forms the end part of a Veda it is also called as Vedanta. The word ‘anta’ in Sanskrit means ‘end’. Hence the word ‘Vedanta’ means ‘the end portion of a Veda’.
Vedas
The subject matter or the content of the Upanishad is normally philosophical in nature. It speaks about the nature of the Atman, the greatness of the Brahman or the Supreme Soul and also about the life after death. Hence Upanishad is called as the Jnana Kanda of the Veda. Jnana means knowledge. Upanishad speaks about the supreme or the highest knowledge.
The other three parts of the Veda, namely, Samhita, Brahmana and the Aranyaka are called together as Karma Kanda. Karma in Sanskrit means ‘action’ or ‘rituals’. It can be understood that the three parts of the Veda deal with the ritualistic part of life such as the conduct of a sacrifice, austerity and the like.
Veda thus contains in it both the ritualistic and the philosophical aspects of life. It deals with the actions to be performed in life and also with the spiritual thoughts that man should cultivate in his mind to read God.
Upanishads are many in number but only 12 of them are considered principal Upanishads. It is interesting to note that Adi Sankara, the founder of Advaita system of philosophy has commented on all the 12 principal Upanishads. The other major teachers of various sects of philosophical thoughts have quoted a lot from the texts of the Upanishads.
Jarasandha (Sanskrit: जरासंध) was A badass villain from Hindu Mythology. He was the king of Magadha. He was the son of a Vedic king named Brihadratha. He was also a great devotee of Lord Shiva. But he is generally held in negative light owing to his enmity with the Yadava clan in the Mahabaratha.
Bhima Fighting with Jarasandha
Brihadratha was the king of Magadha. His wives were the twin princesses of Benares. While he led a content life and was a famed king, he was unable to have children for a very long time. Frustrated over his inability to have children, he retreated to the forest and eventually ended up serving a sage named Chandakaushika. The sage took pity on him and on finding the actual cause for his sorrow, gave him a fruit and told him to give it to his wife who in turn will soon become pregnant. But the sage did not know that he had two wives. Not wishing to displease either wife, Brihadratha cut the fruit in half and gave it to both of them. Soon both the wives became pregnant and gave birth to two halves of a human body. These two lifeless halves were very horrifying to view. So, Brihadratha ordered these to be thrown in the forest. A demoness (Rakshasi) named “Jara” (orBarmata) found these two pieces and held each of these in her two palms. Incidentally when she brought both of her palms together,the two pieces joined together giving rise to a living child. The Child cried loudly which created panic for Jara. Not having the heart to eat a living child, the demoness gave it to the king and explained him all that happened. The father named the boy as Jarasandha (literally meaning “joined by Jara”).
Chandakaushika arrived at the court and saw the child. He prophesied to Brihadratha that his son will be specially gifted and would be a great devotee of Lord Shiva.
In India, descendants of Jarasandh still exist and use Joriya (which means piece of flesh named after their ancestor, “jarasandha”) as their suffix while naming themselves.
Jarasandha became a famed and powerful king, extending his empire far and wide. He prevailed over many kings, and was crowned emperor of Magadha. Even while Jarasandha’s power continued to grow, he had concerns over his future & that of the empires, as he had no heirs. Therefore, on the advice of his close friend kingBanasura, Jarasandh decided to get his two daughters ‘Asti and Prapti’ married to the heir apparent of Mathura, Kansa. Jarasandha had also lent his army and his personal advise to Kansa to create a coup d’état in Mathura.
When Krishna killed Kansa in Mathura, Jarasandha become enraged because of Krishna and the entire Yadavas clan on seeing his two daughters being widowed. So, Jarasandha attacked Mathura repeatedly. He attacked Mathura 17 times. Sensing danger over the repeated attack on Mathura by Jarasandha, Krishna relocated his capital city to Dwaraka. Dwaraka was an island and it was not possible for anyone to attack it at all. Hence, Jarasandha could not attack the Yadavas anymore.
Yudhisthira was planning to make a Rajasuya yagna or Ashwamedha Yagna in order to become the emperor. Krishnaconvinced him that Jarasandha was the only obstacle to oppose Yudhisthira from becoming an emperor. Jarasandha raidedMathura (Krishna’s ancestral capital) and got defeated by Krishna every time. At one stage to avoid unnecessary loss of lives, Krishna moved his capital to Dwaraka, in one stroke. Since Dwaraka was an island city guarded heavily by Yadava Army, Jarasandha was not able to invadeDwaraka anymore. To attain the capacity to invade Dwaraka, Jarasandha planned to conduct a Yagna to please Lord Shiva. For this Yagna, He had imprisoned 95 kings and was in need of 5 more kings, after which he was planning to perform the Yagna, sacrificing all the 100 kings. Jarasandha thought that this Yagna will make him win the powerful Yadava Army.
The kings captured by Jarasandha wrote a secret missive to Krishna to rescue them from Jarasandha. Krishna, not wanting to go for an all out war with Jarasandha to rescue the captured kings, in order to avoid a major loss of lives, devised a plan to eliminate Jarasandha. Krishna advised Yudhisthira that Jarasandha was a major obstacle and must be killed before Yudhisthira starts performing the Rajasuya yagna. Krishna planned a clever scheme to eliminate Jarasandha by making Bheemawrestle with the Jarasandha in a dual fight, who killed Jarasandha after a fierce battle (Dwandwa yudha), which lasted for 27 days.
Like Karna, Jarasandha was also very good in giving charity donations. After performing his Shiva pooja, he used to give whatever the Brahmins asked for. On one such occasion Krishna, Arjuna and Bheema in the guise of Brahmins met Jarasandha. Krishna asked Jarasandha to choose any one of them for a wrestling match. Jarasandha chose Bheema, the strongman, to wrestle. Both of them fought for 27 days. Bheema did not know how to defeat Jarasandha. So, he sought the help of Krishna. Krishna knew the secret by which Jarasandha could be killed. Since, Jarasandha was brought to life when the two lifeless halves joined together, conversely, he can be killed only when these his body was torn into two halves and find a way as how these two don’t merge. Krishna took a stick, he broke it into two and threw them in both directions. Bheema got the hint. He tore Jarasandha’s body into two and threw the pieces in two directions. But, these two pieces came together and Jarasandha was able to attack Bheema again. Bheema got tired after several such futile attempts. He again sought the help of Krishna. This time, Lord Krishna took a stick, broke it into two and threw the left piece on right side and the right piece on the left side. Bheema precisely followed the same. Now, he tore Jarasandha’s body into two and threw them in opposite directions. Thus, Jarasandha was killed as the two pieces could not merge into one.
