Shiv Tandav stotra with english translation and its meaning. Sanskrit: जटाटवीगलज्जलप्रवाहपावितस्थले गलेऽवलम्ब्य लम्बितां भुजङ्गतुङ्गमालिकाम् । डमड्डमड्डमड्डमन्निनादवड्डमर्वयं चकार चण्डताण्डवं तनोतु नः शिवः शिवम् ॥१॥ English Translation:
King Dasharatha (दशरथ) was a decendant of King Raghu, son of King Aja and Indumati, King of Ayodhya of Ikshvaku Dynasty and Father of Lord Rama.
The The history of his dynasty is elaborated upon by Valmiki in Ramayana.
Dasharatha had three wives. Kausalya was the eldest. She was the simplest, kndest and most understanding of all. Kaikeyi was the second wife, The most beautiful and cunning. She was the one who convinced King Dasharatha to send lord Rama to forest for 14 years (Vanvasa) Sumitra was the third wife. She was the most intelligent and wise of them all.
Dasharatha had 1 daughter and four sons.
1. Shanta: Shanta was a daughter of the Raja Dasharatha and sister of Lord Rama. She was later given in adoption to Raja Romapada, king of Anga. She was well educated in Veda knowledge, Art, Craft and warfare. She was married to Rishyasringa who also performed a putra kameshthi yajna for Dashratha after which Dasharatha was blessed by four sons: Rama, Bharata, and the twins Lakshmana and Shatrughna.
2. Rama: Rama or Ramachandra is a major Hindu diety and the seventh incarnation (Avatar) of lord Vishnu. Rama was born to Kaushalya. Rama was married to Sita, daughter of King Janaka of Videha. He slayed demon king Ravana, the king of Lanka and freed his wife Sita who was kdnapped. He had two sons, Lava and Kusha.
Lord Rama – Hindu FAQs
3. Bharat: Bharat or Bharata was born to Kaikeyi. Bharata was the younger brother of Rama, and a symbol of dharma and idealism. Some legends say that While Rama was incarnation of Vishnu, Bharata was an incarnation of Vishnu’s Sudarshana Chakra. Bharat was married to Mandavi,daughter of Kushadhwaja and Chandrabhaga, brother of King Janaka of Mithila and hence a cousin of Sita.
4. Lakshmana: Sumitra gave birth to Lakshmana and Shatrughna, the twins. Lakshman, also known as Lakhan or Soumitra was the closest companion of Lord Rama. When Rama is considered to be the incarnation of Vishnu and Bharat as Sudarshana Chakra, Lakshman is considered to be an avatar of Shesha or Sheshnaag, the 1000 headed serpent. Lakshmana was married to Urmila, Sita’s younger sister.They had two sons-Angad and Chandraketu. He also served Rama and Sita reverently during the exile.
5. Shatrughna: Shatrughna was the youngest brother of Lord Rama and a twin brother of Lakshmana. He was the slayer of Lavanasura the demon King of Mathura, who was a nephew of Ravana. He was married to Princess Shrutakirti, the third daughter of King Kusadhvaja.
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Lion on the battlefield
Rama is often depicted as a very soft-natured person but on the battlefield his shourya-parakrama are unbeatable. He is truly a warrior at heart. After Shoorpanaka’s episode, 14000 warriors march past to attack Rama. Instead of seeking help from Lakshmana in the war, he gently asks Lakshmana to take Seetha and relax in the nearby cave. Seetha on the other hand is quite stunned, for she has never seen Rama’s dexterity at war. With enemies all around him, he fights the whole war himself standing at the center with 1 : 14,000 ratio, while Seetha who watches all this from the cave eventually realizes that her husband is a one-man-army, One has to read the Ramayana to understand the beauty of this episode.
Embodiment of Dharma – Ramo Vigrahavan Dharmaha!
He is a manifestation of dharma. He knows not just the code of conduct but also the dharma-sookshmas (subtleties of dharma). He quotes them many a times to various people,
While leaving Ayodhya, Kausalya requests him in various ways to stay back. With lot of affection, she even tries to take advantage of his nature of adhering to dharma by saying that it is the son’s duty according to dharma to fulfill the wishes of his mother. In this manner, she asks him that isn’t it against dharma for Rama to leave Ayodhya? Rama replies detailing further dharma that it is certainly one’s duty to fulfill his mother’s wishes but dharma also has it that when there is a contradiction between mother’s wish and father’s wish, the son must follow the father’s wish. This is a dharma sookshma.
Shot by arrows in chest, Vali questions, “Rama! You are renowned as the embodiment of dharma. How is it that you being such a great warrior have failed to follow the conduct of dharma and shot me from behind the bushes?” Rama explains so, “My dear Vali! Let me give you the reasoning behind it. Firstly, you acted against dharma. As a righteous kshatriya, I have acted against evil which is my foremost duty. Secondly, In accordance with my dharma as a friend to Sugreeva, who has taken refuge in me, I lived up to my promise I made to him and thus fulfilled dharma again. Most importantly, you are the king of monkeys. As per the rules of dharma, it is not unrighteous for a Kshatriya to hunt and kill an animal either straight ahead or from behind. So, punishing you is totally justifiable according to dharma, more so because your conduct is against the tenets of laws.”
Rama and Vali
During the initial days of exile, Seetha asks Rama detailing the dharma of exile. She tells, “During the time of exile one has to conduct himself peacefully like an ascetic, So is it not against dharma that you carry your bows and arrows during exile?” Rama replies with further insights into the dharma of exile, “Seetha! One’s swadharma (own dharma) takes higher priority than the dharma that has to be followed according to the situation. My foremost duty (swadharma) is to protect people and dharma as a kshatriya, so according to the tenets of dharma, this takes the top most priority in spite of the fact that we are in exile. In fact, I am even ready to give up on you, who are my most beloved, but I will never give up on my swadharmanushtana. Such is my adherence to dharma. So it is not incorrect for me to carry bows and arrows in spite of being in exile.” This episode happened during the vanvas. These words of Rama show his steadfast devotion to dharma. They also give us an insight into what could have been Rama’s mental state when he was forced to place his duty as a king even higher than his duty as a husband (i.e during the times of agnipareeksha and Seetha’s exile later) as per the rules of dharma.These are some instances in Ramayana that depict that Rama’s every single move was taken after considering all the subtleties of dharma which is often obscure and misunderstood by most of the people.
Embodiment of Compassion
Even when Vibheeshana took refuge in Rama, Some of the vanaras were so hot blooded that they insisted Rama to kill Vibheeshana because he was from the enemy side. Rama sternly replied back to them, “I will never forsake the one who has taken refuge in me! Forget Vibheeshana! I will even save Ravana if he takes refuge in me.” (And thus follows the quote, Sree Raama Raksha, Sarva Jagath Raksha)
Vibheeshana joining Rama
Devoted Husband
Rama was deeply in love with Seetha by heart, mind and soul. Despite having the option to marry again, he chose to remain with her forever. He was so in love with Seetha that when she was kidnapped by Ravana, he writhed in pain wailing Seethaa Seethaa falling on ground crying like a mad man even in front of the vanaras totally forgetting all his stature as a king. In fact, In Ramayana it is mentioned many times that Rama often shed so many tears for Seetha that he lost all his strength in crying and often fell down unconscious.
Finally, Efficacy of Rama Nama
It is said that chanting the name of Rama burns away the sins and confers peace. There is also a hidden mystic meaning behind this connotation. According to mantra shastra, Ra is an Agni beeja which embeds within it the fire principle when uttered burns (sins) and Ma corresponds to the Soma principle which when uttered cools (confers peace).
Chanting Rama nama accounts to chanting the whole Vishnu Sahasranama (1000 names of Vishnu). According to Sanskrit scriptures, there is a principle in which sounds and letters are associated with their corresponding numbers. According to it,
Ra denotes number 2 (Ya – 1, Ra – 2, La – 3, Va – 4 … )
Ma denotes number 5 (Pa – 1, Pha – 2, ba – 3, Bha – 4, Ma – 5)
And hence it is said, रामरामेतिरामेतिरमेरामेमनोरमे । सहस्रनामतत्तुल्यंरामनामवरानने ॥
Translation: “Sri Rama Rama Ramethi Rame Raame Manorame, Sahasranama Tat tulyam, Rama Nama Varaanane.”
Meaning: The Name of Rama is as Great as the Thousand Names of God (Vishnu Sahasranama).
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